@InProceedings{185:, author = {Majid Ghaderi and Ashwin Sridharan and Hui Zang and Don Towsley and Rene Cruz}, title = {Modeling TCP in a Multi-Rate Multi-User CDMA System}, keywords = {measurement, wireless}, booktitle = {Proceedings of IFIP-Networking 2007}, journal = {IFIP-Networking 2007}, address = {Atlanta, Georgia}, pdf = {uploads/1569018175.pdf}, month = may, year = {2007} } @InProceedings{adya:architecture, author = {Atul Adya and Paramvir Bahl and Ranveer Chandra and Lili Qiu}, title = {{Architecture and techniques for diagnosing faults in IEEE 802.11 infrastructure networks}}, keywords = {measurement, wireless}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Tenth Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom)}, pages = {30--44}, month = sep, year = {2004}, address = {Philadelphia, PA}, url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1023720.1023724} } @InProceedings{anderson:challenges, author = {Eric Anderson and Caleb Phillips and Gary Yee and Douglas Sicker and Dirk Grunwald}, title = {Challenges in Deploying Steerable Wireless Testbeds}, booktitle = {TridentCom 2010}, pages = {231--240}, year = {2010}, month = may, editor = {Magedanz, Thomas and Gavras, Anastasius and Nguyen, Huu-Thanh and Chase, Jeffrey S.}, volume = {46}, series = {Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering}, address = {Germany}, url = {http://www.cs.colorado.edu/department/publications/reports/docs/CU-CS-1058-09.pdf} , publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, keywords = {wireless, measurement, cu_cu_wart}, datasets = {cu/cu_wart} } @InProceedings{anderson:contagion, author = {Everett Anderson and Kevin Eustice and Shane Markstrum and Mark Hansen and Peter Reiher}, title = {Mobile Contagion: Simulation of Infection and Defense}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 19th Workshop on Principles of Advanced and Distributed Simulation (PADS'05)}, month = jun, year = {2005}, pages = {80--87}, url = {http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1069810.1070163}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, dartmouth_campus, crawdad} } @InProceedings{anderson:directionality-sigmetrics, author = {Eric Anderson and Caleb Phillips and Kevin Bauer and Douglas Sicker and Dirk Grunwald}, title = {Modeling Directionality in Wireless Networks [Extended Abstract]}, booktitle = {ACM SigMetrics}, year = {2008}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, cu_antenna, crawdad}, datasets = {cu/antenna} } @TechReport{anderson:directionality-tr, author = {Eric Anderson and Caleb Phillips and Douglas Sicker and Dirk Grunwald}, title = {Modeling Environmental Effects on Directionality in Wireless Networks}, institution = {University of Colorado at Boulder}, year = {2008}, url = {http://www.cs.colorado.edu/department/publications/reports/docs/CU-CS-1044-08.pdf} , keywords = {measurement, wireless, cu_antenna, crawdad}, datasets = {cu/antenna} } @InProceedings{anderson:directionality-winmee, author = {Eric Anderson and Caleb Phillips and Douglas Sicker and Dirk Grunwald}, title = {Modeling Environmental Effects on Directionality in Wireless Networks}, booktitle = {5th International workshop on Wireless Network Measurements (WiNMee)}, year = {2009}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, cu_antenna, crawdad}, datasets = {cu/antenna} } @InProceedings{anderson:directionality-wiopt, author = {Eric Anderson and Gary Yee and Caleb Phillips and Douglas Sicker and Dirk Grunwald}, title = {The Impact of Directional Antenna Models on Simulation Accuracy}, booktitle = {7th International Symposium on Modeling and Optimization in Mobile, Ad Hoc, and Wireless Networks (WiOpt)}, year = {2009}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, cu_antenna, crawdad}, datasets = {cu/antenna} } @InProceedings{andrews:cdma, author = {Matthew Andrews and Lisa Zhang}, title = {A {CDMA} Data Measurement and Analysis Tool}, keywords = {measurement, wireless}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Wireless Network Measurements (WiNMee 2006)}, address = {Boston, MA, USA}, month = apr, year = {2006}, url = {http://www.winmee.org/papers/02-02.pdf} } @InProceedings{aschenbruck:traffic, author = {Nils Aschenbruck and Matthias Frank and Peter Martini and Jens Toelle}, title = {Traffic Measurement and Statistical Analysis in a Disaster Area Scenario}, keywords = {measurement, wireless}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the First Workshop on Wireless Network Measurements (WiNMee 2005)}, month = apr, year = {2005}, address = {Trentino, Italy}, url = {http://www.winmee.org/2005/papers/WiNMee_Aschenbruck.pdf} } @InProceedings{ault:neighbor, author = {Aaron Ault and Edward Coyle and Xuan Zhong}, title = {K-Nearest-Neighbor Analysis of Received Signal Strength Distance Estimation Across Environments}, keywords = {measurement, wireless}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the First Workshop on Wireless Network Measurements (WiNMee 2005)}, month = apr, year = {2005}, address = {Trentino, Italy}, url = {http://www.winmee.org/2005/papers/WiNMee_Ault.pdf} } @Article{bahl:breathing, author = {Paramvir (Victor) Bahl and Mohammad T. Hajiaghayi and Kamal Jain and Sayyed Vahab Mirrokni and Lili Qiu and Amin Saberi}, title = {Cell Breathing in Wireless {LANs}: Algorithms and Evaluation}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing}, volume = {6}, number = {2}, year = {2007}, issn = {1536-1233}, pages = {164--178}, doi = {http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/TMC.2007.20}, publisher = {IEEE Computer Society}, address = {Los Alamitos, CA, USA}, url = {http://www.cs.utexas.edu/~lili/papers/pub/TMC2006.pdf}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, dartmouth_campus,ucsd_sigcomm2001,stanford_gates,ibm_watson, crawdad}, datasets = {ucsd/sigcomm2001} } @InProceedings{balachandran:behavior, author = {Anand Balachandran and Geoffrey M. Voelker and Paramvir Bahl and P. Venkat Rangan}, title = {Characterizing User Behavior and Network Performance in a Public Wireless {LAN}}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, ucsd_sigcomm2001, crawdad}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2002 ACM SIGMETRICS Conference}, pages = {195--205}, month = jun, year = {2002}, address = {Marina Del Rey, CA}, publisher = {ACM Press}, copyright = {ACM}, url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/511334.511359}, keyword = {wireless network, workload characterization}, abstract = {This paper presents and analyzes user behavior and network performance in a public-area wireless network using a workload captured at a well-attended ACM conference. The goals of our study are: (1) to extend our understanding of wireless user behavior and wireless network performance; (2) to characterize wireless users in terms of a parameterized model for use with analytic and simulation studies involving wireless LAN traffic; and (3) to apply our workload analysis results to issues in wireless network deployment, such as capacity planning, and potential network optimizations, such as algorithms for load balancing across multiple access points (APs) in a wireless network.}, datasets = {ucsd/sigcomm2001} } @InProceedings{balasubramanian:dtn, author = {Aruna Balasubramanian and Brian Neil Levine and Arun Venkataramani}, title = {{DTN Routing as a Resource Allocation Problem}}, booktitle = {Proc. ACM Sigcomm}, month = aug, year = {2007}, address = {Kyoto, Japan}, url = {http://www.sigcomm.org/ccr/drupal/?q=node/273}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, umass_diesel, crawdad}, datasets = {umass/diesel} } @InProceedings{balasubramanian:hybrid, author = {Aruna Balasubramanian and Brian Neil Levine and Arun Venkataramani}, title = {Enhancing interactive web applications in hybrid networks}, keywords = {crawdad, umass/diesel, measurement, wireless}, booktitle = {MobiCom '08: Proceedings of the 14th ACM international conference on Mobile computing and networking}, year = {2008}, isbn = {978-1-60558-096-8}, pages = {70--80}, address = {San Francisco, California, USA}, doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1409944.1409954}, url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1409944.1409954}, publisher = {ACM}, datasets = {umass/diesel} } @Article{balasubramanian:interactive, author = {Aruna Balasubramanian and Ratul Mahajan and Arun Venkataramani and Brian Neil Levine and John Zahorjan}, title = {Interactive wifi connectivity for moving vehicles}, keywords = {crawdad, umass/diesel, measurement, wireless}, journal = {SIGCOMM Comput. Commun. Rev.}, volume = {38}, number = {4}, year = {2008}, issn = {0146-4833}, pages = {427--438}, doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1402946.1403006}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, datasets = {umass/diesel} } @InProceedings{balasubramanian:search, author = {Aruna Balasubramanian and Yun Zhou and W. Bruce Croft and Brian. N. Levine and Arun Venkataramani}, title = {{Web Search From a Bus}}, booktitle = {ACM Mobicom Workshop on Challenged Networks (CHANTS 07)}, address = {Montreal, Canada}, month = sep, year = {2007}, url = {http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1287803}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, umass_diesel, crawdad}, datasets = {umass/diesel} } @InProceedings{balazinska:wireless, author = {Magdalena Balazinska and Paul Castro}, title = {{Characterizing Mobility and Network Usage in a Corporate Wireless Local-Area Network}}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, ibm_watson, crawdad}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the First International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services (MobiSys)}, pages = {303--316}, month = may, year = {2003}, address = {San Francisco, CA}, publisher = {USENIX Association}, url = {http://www.usenix.org/events/mobisys03/tech/balazinska.html} , keyword = {mobile computing, wireless network, 802.11, Wi-Fi, WLAN, workload characterization}, abstract = {Wireless local-area networks are becoming increasingly popular. They are commonplace on university campuses and inside corporations, and they have started to appear in public areas. It is thus becoming increasingly important to understand user mobility patterns and network usage characteristics on wireless networks. Such an understanding would guide the design of applications geared toward mobile environments (e.g., pervasive computing applications), would help improve simulation tools by providing a more representative workload and better user mobility models, and could result in a more effective deployment of wireless network components. \par Several studies have recently been performed on wireless university campus networks and public networks. In this paper, we complement previous research by presenting results from a four week trace collected in a large corporate environment. We study user mobility patterns and introduce new metrics to model user mobility. We also analyze user and load distribution across access points. We compare our results with those from previous studies to extract and explain several network usage and mobility characteristics.

We find that average user transfer-rates follow a power law. Load is unevenly distributed across access points and is influenced more by which users are present than by the number of users. We model user mobility with persistence and prevalence . Persistence reflects session durations whereas prevalence reflects the frequency with which users visit various locations. We find that the probability distributions of both measures follow power laws.}, datasets = {ibm/watson} } @InProceedings{banerjee:relays, author = {Nilanjan Banerjee and Mark D. Corner and Don Towsley and Brian N. Levine}, title = {Relays, base stations, and meshes: enhancing mobile networks with infrastructure}, keywords = {crawdad, umass/diesel, measurement, wireless}, booktitle = {MobiCom '08: Proceedings of the 14th ACM international conference on Mobile computing and networking}, year = {2008}, isbn = {978-1-60558-096-8}, pages = {81--91}, address = {San Francisco, California, USA}, doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1409944.1409955}, url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1409944.1409955}, publisher = {ACM}, datasets = {umass/diesel} } @InProceedings{banerjee:throwboxes, author = {Nilanjan Banerjee and Mark D. Corner and Brian Levine}, title = {{An Energy-Efficient Architecture for DTN Throwboxes}}, booktitle = {Proceedings of Infocom 2007)}, address = {Anchorage, Alaska}, month = may, year = {2007}, url = {http://www.cs.umass.edu/~nilanb/papers/banerjee06-39.pdf}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, umass_diesel, crawdad}, datasets = {umass/diesel} } @InProceedings{barsocchi:rural_wifi, author = {Paolo Barsocchi and Gabriele Oligeri and Francesco Potort{\`i}}, title = {Frame error model in rural {Wi-Fi} networks}, booktitle = {proceedings of the International Symposium on Modeling and Optimization (Wiopt)}, pages = {41--46}, year = {2007}, address = {Limassol (CY)}, month = apr, publisher = {ACM}, abstract = {Commonly used frame loss models for simulations over Wi-Fi channels assume a simple double regression model with threshold. This model is widely accepted, but few measurements are available in the literature that try to validate it. As far as we know, none of them is based on field trials at the frame level. We present a series of measurements for relating transmission distance and packet loss on a Wi-Fi network in rural areas and propose a model that relates distance with packet loss probability. We show that a simple double regression propagation model like the one used in the ns-2 simulator can miss important transmission impairments that are apparent even at short transmitter-receiver distances. Measurements also show that packet loss at the frame level is a Bernoullian process for time spans of few seconds. We relate the packet loss probability to the received signal level using standard models for additive white Gaussian noise channels. The resulting model is much more similar to the measured channels than the simple models where all packets are received when the distance is below a given threshold and all are lost when the threshold is exceeded.}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, isti_rural, crawdad}, url = {http://fly.isti.cnr.it/curriculum/papers/pdf/Rural-model-Winmee07.pdf} , datasets = {isti/rural} } @InProceedings{bauer:unlinkability, author = {Kevin Bauer and Damon McCoy and Ben Greenstein and Dirk Grunwald and Douglas Sicker}, title = {Physical Layer Attacks on Unlinkability in Wireless LANs}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth Privacy Enhancing Technologies Symposium (PETS 2009)}, year = {2009}, month = aug, address = {Seattle, WA, USA}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, cu_rssi, crawdad}, datasets = {cu/rssi} } @InProceedings{benabdesslem:mobile, author = {Ben Abdesslem, Fehmi and Parris, Iain and Henderson, Tristan}, title = {Mobile Experience Sampling: Reaching the Parts of {Facebook} Other Methods Cannot Reach}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Privacy and Usability Methods Pow-Wow (PUMP)}, address = {Dundee, UK}, year = {2010}, month = sep, publisher = {British Computer Society}, url = {http://scone.cs.st-andrews.ac.uk/pump2010/papers/benabdesslem.pdf} , keywords = {wireless, measurement, st_andrews_locshare}, datasets = {st_andrews/locshare} } @Article{biermann:betrayed, author = {Kai Biermann}, title = {Betrayed by our own data}, journal = {Zeit Online}, year = {2011}, month = mar, url = {http://www.zeit.de/digital/datenschutz/2011-03/data-protection-malte-spitz} , keywords = {wireless, spitz_cellular}, datasets = {spitz/cellular} } @InProceedings{bigwood:networking, author = {Greg Bigwood and Devan Rehunathan and Martin Bateman and Tristan Henderson and Saleem Bhatti}, title = {Exploiting Self-Reported Social Networks for Routing in Ubiquitous Computing Environments}, booktitle = {Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Computing, Networking and Communication ({WiMob '08})}, year = {2008}, month = {October}, publisher = {IEEE}, pages = {484--489}, address = {Avignon, France}, url = {http://www.cs.st-andrews.ac.uk/~dr/publications/sauce2008-brbhb2008.pdf} , doi = {10.1109/WiMob.2008.86}, keywords = {wireless, measurement, st_andrews_sassy}, datasets = {st_andrews/sassy} } @InProceedings{bishop:problems-sanitizing, author = {Matt Bishop and Rick Crawford and Bhume Bhumiratana and Lisa Clark and Karl Levitt}, title = {{Some Problems in Sanitizing Network Data}}, keywords = {measurement, wireless}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 15th IEEE International Workshop on Enabling Technologies: Infrastructure for Collaborative Enterprises (WETIS '06)}, mon = jun, year = {2006}, pages = {307--312}, address = {Los Alamitos, CA, USA}, keyword = {sanitizing, network data}, url = {http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/WETICE.2006.62}, doi = {http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/WETICE.2006.62}, abstract = { The problem of removing sensitive information from data before it is released publicly, or turned over to less trusted analysts, underlies much of the unwillingness to share data. The solution is to sanitize, or deidentify, parts of the data. When dealing with network addresses, the set of available addresses is finite. This limits some aspects of the sanitization. We analyze this problem in detail, and suggest approaches to ameliorate it. } } @InProceedings{blinn:hotspot, author = {David P. Blinn and Tristan Henderson and David Kotz}, title = {Analysis of a Wi-Fi Hotspot Network}, keywords = {measurement, wireless}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Workshop on Wireless Traffic Measurements and Modeling}, pages = {1--6}, month = jun, year = {2005}, address = {Seattle, WA}, url = {http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1072431} } @InProceedings{boc:mobility, author = {Mathias Boc and Anne Fladenmuller and Marcelo Dias de Amorium}, title = {Towards self-characterization of user mobility patterns}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 16th IST Mobile and Wireless Communications Summit}, month = jul, year = {2007}, pages = {1--5}, address = {Budapest, Hungary}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ISTMWC.2007.4299098}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, dartmouth_campus, crawdad} } @InProceedings{boc:otiy, author = {Mathias Boc and Anne Fladenmuller and Marcelo Dias de Amorium}, title = {Otiy: Locators tracking nodes}, booktitle = {Proceedings of CoNext 2007}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, month = dec, year = {2007}, url = {http://arxiv.org/pdf/0709.2252}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, dartmouth_campus, crawdad} } @InProceedings{burgess:attacks, author = {John Burgess and George Dean Bissias and Mark D. Corner and Brian Neil Levine}, title = {Surviving attacks on disruption-tolerant networks without authentication}, booktitle = {MobiHoc '07: Proceedings of the 8th ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking and computing}, year = {2007}, pages = {61--70}, address = {Montreal, Quebec, Canada}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, umass_diesel,cambrdge_haggle, crawdad}, doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1288107.1288116}, url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1288107.1288116}, publisher = {ACM Press}, abstract = { Disruption-Tolerant Networks (DTNs) deliver data in network environments composed of intermittently connected nodes. Just as in traditional networks, malicious nodes within a DTN may attempt to delay or destroy data in transit to its destination. Such attacks include dropping data, flooding the network with extra messages, corrupting routing tables, and counterfeiting network acknowledgments. Many existing methods for securing routing protocols require authentication supported by mechanisms such as a public key infrastructure, which is difficult to deploy and operate in a DTN, where connectivity is sporadic. Furthermore, the complexity of such mechanisms may dissuade node participation so strongly that potential attacker impacts are dwarfed by the loss of contributing participants. In this paper, we use connectivity traces from our UMass Diesel- Net project and the Haggle project to quantify routing attack effectiveness on a DTN that lacks security. We introduce plausible attackers and attack modalities and provide complexity results for the strongest of attackers. We show that the same routing with packet replication used to provide robustness in the face of unpredictable mobility allows the network to gracefully survive attacks. In the case of the most effective attack, acknowledgment counterfeiting, we show a straightforward defense that uses cryptographic hashes but not a central authority. We conclude that disruption-tolerant networks are extremely robust to attack; in our trace-driven evaluations, an attacker that has compromised 30% of all nodes reduces delivery rates from 70% to 55%, and to 20% with knowledge of future events. By comparison, contemporaneously connected networks are significantly more fragile }, datasets = {umass/diesel} } @InProceedings{burgess:maxprop, author = {John Burgess and Brian Gallagher and David Jensen and Brian Neil Levine}, title = {{MaxProp: Routing for Vehicle-Based Disruption-Tolerant Networking}}, booktitle = {Proceedings of IEEE Infocom 2006}, month = apr, year = {2006}, address = {Barcelona, Spain}, url = {http://prisms.cs.umass.edu/brian/pubs/burgess.infocom2006.pdf} , keywords = {measurement, wireless, umass_diesel, crawdad}, datasets = {umass/diesel} } @Article{cabero:acquisition, author = {Jose M. Cabero and Virginia Molina and Inigo Urteaga and Fidel Liberal and Jose L. Martin}, title = {Acquisition of human traces with {Bluetooth} technology: Challenges and proposals}, journal = {Special Issue of Ad Hoc Networks on "SCEnarios for ad hoc Network Evaluation Studies (SCENES)"}, year = {2012}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.adhoc.2012.05.007}, keywords = {wireless, measurement, tecnalia_humanet}, datasets = {tecnalia/humanet} } @InProceedings{calegari:ctg, author = {Roberta Calegari and Mirco Musolesi and Franco Raimondi and Cecilia Mascolo}, title = {{CTG: A Connectivity Trace Generator for Testing the Performance of Opportunistic Mobile Systems}}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the European Software Engineering Conference and the International ACM SIGSOFT Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering (ESEC/FSE07)}, month = sep, year = {2007}, address = {Dubrovnik, Croatia}, url = {http://www.cs.ucl.ac.uk/staff/m.musolesi/papers/esec07.pdf}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, dartmouth_campus, crawdad} } @InProceedings{campos:user-mobility, author = {Carlos Alberto V. Campos and Luis Felipe M. de Moraes}, title = {Investigating the User Mobility in Wireless Mobile Networks through Real Measurements}, keywords = {measurement, wireless}, booktitle = {Proceeding of the 2nd CoNEXT Conference}, year = {2006}, month = dec, url = {http://www.ravel.ufrj.br/arquivosPublicacoes/conext06-beto.pdf} , address = {Lisboa, Portugal} } @InProceedings{carreras:malware, author = {I.Carreras and D. Miorandi and Geoffrey S. Canright and Kenth Engo-Monsen}, title = {Understanding the Spread of Epidemics in Highly Partitioned Mobile Networks}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Bio-Inspired Models of Network, Information, and Computing Systems (BIONETICS 2006)}, month = dec, year = {2006}, address = {Cavalese, Italy}, url = {http://www.create-net.it/~icarreras/docs/bionetics2006.pdf}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, cambridge_haggle,umass_diesel,mit_reality, crawdad} } @InProceedings{chaintreau:diameter, author = {A. Chaintreau and A. Mtibaa and L. Massouli\'e and C. Diot}, title = {Diameter of Opportunistic Mobile Networks}, booktitle = {Proceedings of ACM Sigcomm CoNext}, year = {2007}, month = dec, note = {also available as Thomson technical report CR-PRL-2007-07-0001}, otherinfo = {also available as technical report CR-PRL-2007-07-0001}, url = {http://www.thlab.net/~chaintre/pub/chaintreau07diameter.pdf} , datasets = {cambridge/haggle} } @InProceedings{chaintreau:opportunistic, author = {Augustin Chaintreau and Pan Hui and Jon Crowcroft and Christophe Diot and Richard Gass and James Scott}, title = {Impact of Human Mobility on the Design of Opportunistic Forwarding Algorithms}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 25th IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM)}, month = apr, year = {2006}, address = {Barcelona, Spain}, url = {http://www.cambridge.intel-research.net/haggle/pubs/}, abstract = {Studying transfer opportunities between wireless devices carried by humans, we observe that the distribution of the inter-contact time, that is the time gap separating two contacts of the same pair of devices, exhibits a heavy tail such as one of a power law, over a large range of value. This observation is confirmed on six distinct experimental data sets. It is at odds with the exponential decay implied by most mobility models. In this paper, we study how this new characteristic of human mobility impacts a class of previously proposed forwarding algorithms. We use a simplified model based on the renewal theory to study how the parameters of the distribution impact the delay performance of these algorithms. We make recommendation for the design of well founded opportunistic forwarding algorithms, in the context of human carried devices.}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, dartmouth_campus,cambridge_haggle, crawdad}, datasets = {cambridge/haggle} } @TechReport{chaintreau:pocket, author = {Augustin Chaintreau and Pan Hui and Jon Crowcroft and Christophe Diot and Richard Gass and James Scott}, title = {Pocket Switched Networks, or Human mobility patterns as part of store-and-forward, or story-and-carry data transmission}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, dartmouth_campus,cambridge_haggle, crawdad}, number = {UCAM-CL-TR-617}, month = feb, year = {2005}, institution = {University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory}, url = {http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/TechReports/UCAM-CL-TR-617.pdf}, abstract = {Opportunistic networks make use of human mobility and local forwarding in order to distribute data. Information can be stored and passed, taking advantage of the device mobility, or forwarded over a wireless link when an appropriate contact is met. Such networks fall into the fields of mobile ad-hoc networking and delay-tolerant networking. In order to evaluate forwarding algorithms for these networks, accurate data is needed on the intermittency of connections. \par In this paper, the inter-contact time between two transmission opportunities is observed empirically using four distinct sets of data, two having been specifically collected for this work, and two provided by other research groups. \par We discover that the distribution of inter-contact time follows an approximate power law over a large time range in all data sets. This observation is at odds with the exponential decay expected by many currently used mobility models. We demonstrate that opportunistic transmission schemes designed around these current models have poor performance under approximate power-law conditions, but could be significantly improved by using limited redundant transmissions.}, datasets = {cambridge/haggle} } @Article{chen:pbprobe, author = {Chen, Ling-Jyh and Sun, Tony and Wang, Bo-Chun and Sanadidi, M.Y. and Gerla, Mario}, title = {{PBProbe}: A capacity estimation tool for high speed networks}, journal = {Computer Communications}, volume = {31}, number = {17}, pages = {3883--3893}, year = {2008}, url = {http://www.iis.sinica.edu.tw/~cclljj/publication/2008/08_J_ComCom-PBProbe.pdf} , publisher = {Elsevier}, keywords = {wireless, measurement, tools_analyze_link_PBProbe}, datasets = {tools/analyze/link/PBProbe} } @Article{chen:robust, author = {Yilun Chen and Ami Wiesel and Alfred O. {Hero III}}, title = {Robust shrinkage estimation of high dimensional covariance matrices}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing}, pages = {4097--4107}, publisher = {IEEE}, year = {2011}, volume = {59}, number = {9}, month = {Sep}, url = {http://arxiv.org/pdf/1009.5331}, keywords = {wireless, measurement, umich_rss}, datasets = {umich/rss} } @InProceedings{cheng:cross-layer, author = {Yu-Chung Cheng and Mikhail Afanasyev and Patrick Verkaik and P\'{e}ter Benk\"{o} and Jennifer Chiang and Alex C. Snoeren and Stefan Savage and Geoffrey M. Voelker}, title = {Automating cross-layer diagnosis of enterprise wireless networks}, keywords = {crawdad, ucsd/jigsaw, measurement, wireless}, booktitle = {SIGCOMM '07: Proceedings of the 2007 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications}, year = {2007}, isbn = {978-1-59593-713-1}, pages = {25--36}, address = {Kyoto, Japan}, doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1282380.1282384}, publisher = {ACM}, datasets = {ucsd/cse} } @Article{cheng:cross-layer-journal, author = {Yu-Chung Cheng and Mikhail Afanasyev and Patrick Verkaik and P\'{e}ter Benk\"{o} and Jennifer Chiang and Alex C. Snoeren and Stefan Savage and Geoffrey M. Voelker}, title = {Automating cross-layer diagnosis of enterprise wireless networks}, keywords = {crawdad, ucsd/jigsaw, measurement, wireless}, journal = {SIGCOMM Comput. Commun. Rev.}, volume = {37}, number = {4}, year = {2007}, issn = {0146-4833}, pages = {25--36}, doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1282427.1282384}, url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1282427.1282384}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, datasets = {ucsd/cse} } @Article{cheng:jigsaw, author = {Yu-Chung Cheng and John Bellardo and P\'{e}ter Benk\"{o} and Alex C. Snoeren and Geoffrey M. Voelker and Stefan Savage}, title = {Jigsaw: solving the puzzle of enterprise 802.11 analysis}, keywords = {crawdad, ucsd/jigsaw, measurement, wireless}, journal = {SIGCOMM Comput. Commun. Rev.}, volume = {36}, number = {4}, year = {2006}, issn = {0146-4833}, pages = {39--50}, doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1151659.1159920}, url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1151659.1159920}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, datasets = {ucsd/cse} } @InProceedings{cheng:metropolitan, author = {Yu-Chung Cheng and Yatin Chawathe and Anthony LaMarca and John Krumm}, title = {Accuracy Characterization for Metropolitan-scale Wi-Fi Localization}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services}, year = {2005}, month = jun, url = {http://www.placelab.org/publications/pubs/pervasive-placelab-2005-final.pdf} , abstract = {Location systems have long been identified as an important component of emerging mobile applications. Most research on location systems has focused on precise location in indoor environments. However, many location applications (for example, location-aware web search) become interesting only when the underlying location system is available ubiquitously and is not limited to a single office environment. Unfortunately, the installation and calibration overhead involved for most of the existing research systems is too prohibitive to imagine deploying them across, say, an entire city. In this work, we evaluate the feasibility of building a wide-area 802.11 Wi-Fi-based positioning system. We compare a suite of wireless-radio-based positioning algorithms to understand how they can be adapted for such ubiquitous deployment with minimal calibration. In particular, we study the impact of this limited calibration on the accuracy of the positioning algorithms. Our experiments show that we can estimate a user's position with a median positioning error of 13--40 meters (depending upon the characteristics of the environment). Although this accuracy is lower than existing positioning systems, it requires substantially lower calibration overhead than existing indoor positioning systems and provides easy deployment and coverage across large metropolitan areas. Moreover, unlike GPS, it does not require line of sight to the sky and consequently works in areas where GPS does not (indoors and in dense urban environments).}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, intel_placelab, crawdad}, datasets = {intel/placelab} } @InProceedings{chinchilla:analysis, author = {Francisco Chinchilla and Mark Lindsey and Maria Papadopouli}, title = {Analysis of wireless information locality and association patterns in a campus}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (INFOCOM)}, pages = {906--917}, month = mar, year = {2004}, address = {Hong Kong, China}, publisher = {IEEE}, url = {http://www.cs.unc.edu/~maria/infocom04.pdf}, keywords = {wireless, measurement, unc_campus}, datasets = {unc/campus} } @InProceedings{chon:evaluating, author = {Yohan Chon and Hyojeong Shin and Elmurod Talipov and Hojung Cha}, title = {Evaluating mobility models for temporal prediction with high-granularity mobility data}, booktitle = {Proceedings of Pervasive Computing and Communications (PerCom)}, pages = {206--212}, year = {2012}, series = {PerCom '12}, address = {Lugano, Switzerland}, url = {http://mobed.yonsei.ac.kr/~yohan/Yohan_Chon_PerCom_2012.pdf} , publisher = {IEEE}, keywords = {wireless, measurement, yonsei_lifemap}, datasets = {yonsei/lifemap} } @Article{chon:lifemap, author = {Yohan Chon and Hojung Cha}, title = {{LifeMap}: A Smartphone-based Context Provider for Location-based Services}, journal = {IEEE Pervasive Computing}, year = {2011}, volume = {10}, number = {2}, pages = {58--67}, url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=5686873} , keywords = {wireless, measurement, yonsei_lifemap}, datasets = {yonsei/lifemap} } @InProceedings{chon:mobility, author = {Yohan Chon and Elmurod Talipov and Hyojeong Shin and Hojung Cha}, title = {Mobility prediction-based smartphone energy optimization for everyday location monitoring}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 9th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems}, pages = {82--95}, year = {2011}, series = {SenSys '11}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, url = {http://mobed.yonsei.ac.kr/~yohan/Yohan_Chon_SmartDC_SenSys_2011_Paper.pdf} , publisher = {ACM}, keywords = {wireless, measurement, yonsei_lifemap}, datasets = {yonsei/lifemap} } @InProceedings{ciobanu:social, author = {Ciobanu, Radu I. and Dobre, Ciprian and Cristea, Valentin}, title = {Social Aspects to Support Opportunistic Networks in an Academic Environment}, month = jul, year = {2012}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Ad-Hoc Networks and Wireless}, address = {Belgrade, Serbia}, keywords = {wireless, measurement, upb_mobility2011}, datasets = {upb/mobility2011} } @Article{claffy:community-wide, author = {kc claffy}, title = {"A day in the life of the internet": proposed community-wide experiment}, keywords = {measurement, wireless}, journal = {SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review}, volume = {36}, number = {5}, year = {2006}, month = oct, issn = {0146-4833}, pages = {39--40}, url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1163593.1163601}, publisher = {ACM Press}, address = {New York, NY, USA} } @Article{claffy:conmi, author = {kc claffy and Mark Crovella and Timur Friedman and Colleen Shannon and Neil Spring}, title = {Community-oriented network measurement infrastructure (CONMI) workshop report}, keywords = {measurement, wireless}, journal = {SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review}, volume = {36}, number = {2}, year = {2006}, issn = {0146-4833}, pages = {41--48}, url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1129582.1129594}, doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1129582.1129594}, publisher = {ACM Press}, address = {New York, NY, USA} } @InProceedings{crawford:sanitzation, author = {R. Crawford and M. Bishop and B. Bhumiratana and L. Clark and K. Levitt}, title = {{Sanitization Models and their Limitations}}, keywords = {measurement, wireless}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Security Paradigms Workshop}, mon = sep, year = {2006}, address = {Schloss Dagstuhl,Germany}, keyword = {Data sanitization, inference problem, disclosure control, closed world assumption orld}, abstract = { This work explores issues of computational disclosure control. We examine assumptions in the foundations of traditional problem xamine statements and abstract models. We offer a comprehensive framework, based on the notion of an inference game, that unifies various inference problems by parameterizing their problem spaces. This work raises questions regarding the significance of intractability results. We analyze common structural aspects of inference problems via case studies; these emphasize why explicit policies are needed to specify all social context ethical values relevant to a problem instance. } } @InProceedings{dahlberg:explorebots, author = {Teresa Dahlberg and Asis Nasipuri and Craig Taylor}, title = {Explorebots: Mobile Network Experimentation}, keywords = {measurement, wireless}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2005 Workshop on experimental approaches to wireless network design and analysis (E-WIND-05)}, month = aug, year = {2005}, address = {Philadelphia, PA}, url = {http://www.acm.org/sigs/sigcomm/sigcomm2005/paper-DahNas.pdf} } @InProceedings{daly:social, author = {Elizabeth M. Daly and Mads Haahr}, title = {Social network analysis for routing in disconnected delay-tolerant MANETs}, booktitle = {MobiHoc '07: Proceedings of the 8th ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking and computing}, year = {2007}, pages = {32--40}, address = {Montreal, Quebec, Canada}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, mit_reality, crawdad}, doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1288107.1288113}, url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1288107.1288113}, publisher = {ACM Press}, abstract = { Message delivery in sparse Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) is difficult due to the fact that the network graph is rarely (if ever) connected. A key challenge is to find a route that can provide good delivery performance and low end-to-end delay in a disconnected network graph where nodes may move freely. This paper presents a multidisciplinary solution based on the consideration of the socalled small world dynamics which have been proposed for economy and social studies and have recently revealed to be a successful approach to be exploited for characterising information propagation in wireless networks. To this purpose, some bridge nodes are identified based on their centrality characteristics, i.e., on their capability to broker information exchange among otherwise disconnected nodes. Due to the complexity of the centrality metrics in populated networks the concept of ego networks is exploited where nodes are not required to exchange information about the entire network topology, but only locally available information is considered. Then SimBet Routing is proposed which exploits the exchange of pre-estimated ‘betweenness’ centrality metrics and locally determined social ‘similarity’ to the destination node. We present simulations using real trace data to demonstrate that SimBet Routing results in delivery performance close to Epidemic Routing but with significantly reduced overhead. Additionally, we show that Sim- Bet Routing outperforms PRoPHET Routing, particularly when the sending and receiving nodes have low connectivity. } } @InProceedings{dangerfield:evaluation, author = {Ian Dangerfield and David Malone}, title = {Experimental Evaluation of 802.11e {EDCA} for Enhanced Voice over {WLAN} Performance}, keywords = {measurement, wireless}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Wireless Network Measurements (WiNMee 2006)}, address = {Boston, MA, USA}, month = apr, year = {2006}, url = {http://www.winmee.org/papers/02-05.pdf} } @InProceedings{delmastro:experimental, author = {Franca Delmastro and Eleonora Borgia and Marco Conti and Enrico Gregori}, title = {Experimental Comparison of Routing and Middleware Solutions for Mobile ad hoc Networks: Legacy vs. {Cross-Layer} Approach}, keywords = {measurement, wireless}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2005 Workshop on experimental approaches to wireless network design and analysis (E-WIND-05)}, month = aug, year = {2005}, address = {Philadelphia, PA}, url = {http://www.acm.org/sigs/sigcomm/sigcomm2005/paper-DelBor.pdf} } @InProceedings{deshpande:sampling, author = {Udayan Deshpande and Tristan Henderson and David Kotz}, title = {Channel Sampling Strategies for Monitoring Wireless Networks}, keywords = {measurement, wireless}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Wireless Network Measurements (WiNMee 2006)}, address = {Boston, MA, USA}, month = apr, year = {2006}, publisher = {IEEE Computer Society Press}, copyright = {IEEE}, url = {http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~dfk/papers/deshpande:sampling.pdf} , abstract = {Monitoring the activity on an IEEE 802.11 network is useful for many applications, such as network management, optimizing deployment, or detecting network attacks. Deploying wireless sniffers to monitor every access point in an enterprise network, however, may be expensive or impractical. Moreover, some applications may require the deployment of multiple sniffers to monitor the numerous channels in an 802.11 network. In this paper, we explore sampling strategies for monitoring multiple channels in 802.11b/g networks. We describe a simple sampling strategy, where each channel is observed for an equal, predetermined length of time, and consider applications where such a strategy might be appropriate. We then introduce a sampling strategy that weights the time spent on each channel according to the number of frames observed on that channel, and compare the two strategies under experimental conditions.} } @Article{doci:integratedtraffic, author = {Arta Doci and Fatos Xhafa}, title = {WIT-Wireless Integrated Traffic}, keywords = {performance, traffic, measurement, wireless, dartmouth_campus, crawdad}, journal = {Mobile Information Systems}, year = {2009} } @InProceedings{doci:mobility-tool, author = {Arta Doci}, title = {Interconnected Traffic with Real Mobility Tool for Ad Hoc Networks}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Simulation and Modeling in Emergent Computational Systems (SMECS-2008)}, month = sep, year = {2008}, address = {Portland, Oregon, USA}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, dartmouth_campus, crawdad} } @Misc{eagle:mobile-phones, author = {Nathan Eagle}, title = {Using Mobile Phones to Model Complex Social Systems}, year = {2005}, month = jun, howpublished= {O'Reilly Network}, url = {http://www.oreillynet.com/pub/a/network/2005/06/20/MITmedialab.html} , keyword = {mobile, social sofware, networks, mit, location based}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, mit_reality, crawdad}, datasets = {mit/reality} } @Article{eagle:reality, author = {Nathan Eagle and Alex Pentland}, title = {Reality Mining: Sensing Complex Social Systems}, journal = {Journal of Personal and Ubiquitous Computing}, year = {2005}, url = {http://reality.media.mit.edu/pdfs/realitymining.pdf}, keyword = {Bluetooth, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, mobile, mobile phone, telephone}, abstract = {We introduce a system for sensing complex social systems with data collected from one hundred mobile phones over the course of six months. We demonstrate the ability to use standard Bluetooth-enabled mobile telephones to measure information access and use in different contexts, recognize social patterns in daily user activity, infer relationships, identify socially significant locations, and model organizational rhythms.}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, mit_reality, crawdad}, datasets = {mit/reality} } @InProceedings{eisenman:ecsma, author = {Shane B. Eisenman and Andrew T. Campbell}, title = {E-{CSMA}: Supporting Enhanced {CSMA} Performance in Experimental Sensor Networks using Per-neighbor Transmission Probability Thresholds}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 26th IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM)}, month = may, year = {2007}, address = {Anchorage, AL}, url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/4215581/4215582/04215726.pdf?tp=&isnumber=&arnumber=4215726} , keywords = {measurement, wireless, columbia_ecsma, crawdad}, datasets = {columbia/ecsma} } @InProceedings{ergin:density, author = {Mesut Ali Ergin and Kishore Ramachandran and Marco Gruteser}, title = {Understanding the effect of access point density on wireless LAN performance}, booktitle = {MobiCom '07: Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM international conference on Mobile computing and networking}, year = {2007}, pages = {350--353}, address = {Montreal, Quebec, Canada}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, rutgers_ap_density, crawdad}, doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1287853.1287902}, url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1287853.1287902}, publisher = {ACM Press}, abstract = { In this paper, we present a systematic experimental study of the effect of inter-cell interference on IEEE 802.11 performance. With increasing penetration of WiFi into residential areas and usage in ad hoc conference settings, chaotic unplanned deployments are becoming the norm rather than an exception. These networks often operate many nearby access points and stations on the same channel, either due to lack of coordination or insufficient available channels. Thus, inter-cell interference is common but not well-understood. According to conventional wisdom, the efficiency of an 802.11 network is determined by the number of active clients. Surprisingly, we find that with a typical TCP-dominant workload, cumulative system throughput is characterized by the number of interfering access points rather than the number of clients. We find that due to TCP flow control, the number of backlogged stations in such a network equals twice the number of access points. Thus, a single access point network proved very robust even with over one hundred clients. Multiple interfering access points, however, lead to an increase in collisions that reduces throughput and affects volume of traffic in the network. }, datasets = {rutgers/ap_density} } @Article{faloutsos:repositories, author = {Michalis Faloutsos}, title = {Public real data repositories and measurement tools}, keywords = {measurement, wireless}, journal = {SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review}, volume = {36}, number = {2}, year = {2006}, issn = {0146-4833}, pages = {37--40}, url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1129582.1129593}, doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1129582.1129593}, publisher = {ACM Press}, address = {New York, NY, USA} } @InProceedings{felis:measurement, author = {Sebastian Felis and Juergen Quittek and Lars Eggert}, title = {Measurement-Based Wireless {LAN} Troubleshooting}, keywords = {measurement, wireless}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the First Workshop on Wireless Network Measurements (WiNMee 2005)}, month = apr, year = {2005}, address = {Trentino, Italy}, url = {http://www.winmee.org/2005/papers/WiNMee_Felis.pdf} } @InProceedings{feng:handoff, author = {Fang Feng and Douglas~S. Reeves}, title = {Explicit Proactive Handoff with Motion Prediction for {Mobile IP}}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC)}, pages = {855--860}, month = mar, year = {2004}, volume = {2}, publisher = {IEEE Computer Society Press}, url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/9178/29115/01311298.pdf?arnumber=1311298} , abstract = {Mobile IP has been widely accepted, but lacks a fast handoff mechanism. In this paper, we introduce an explicit proactive handoff scheme with motion prediction. Since each user has patterns of movement, a mobile node predicts its future motion and explicitly notifies its old foreign agent which subnet it is likely to handoff to. During a handoff, the old foreign agent duplicates and forwards packets to the predicted subnets. With our scheme, network-layer handoff latency can be reduced to the level of link-layer handoff latency, and the number of packets lost during handoffs is also minimized. With a real network activity trace, we demonstrate that this scheme is able to predict motion accurately, with only a small overhead in bandwidth consumption and computation. }, keywords = {measurement, wireless, dartmouth/campus, crawdad} } @Article{fenner:stochastic, author = {{Fenner}, T. and {Levene}, M. and {Loizou}, G. and {Roussos}, G.}, title = {{A Stochastic Evolutionary Growth Model for Social Networks}}, journal = {ArXiv Physics e-prints}, month = jul, year = {2006}, url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0607188}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, dartmouth_campus, crawdad} } @InProceedings{ficek:intercall, author = {Michal Ficek and Lukas Kencl}, title = {{Inter-Call} Mobility Model: A Spatio-temporal Refinement of Call Data Records Using a {Gaussian} Mixture Model}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 31st Annual IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM'2012)}, address = {Orlando, Florida, USA}, url = {http://www.rdc.cz/download/publications/p469-ficek.pdf}, month = mar, year = {2012}, abstract = {With global mobile phone penetration nearing 100\%, cellular Call Data Records (CDRs) provide a large-scale and ubiquitous, but also sparse and skewed snapshot of human mobility. It may be difficult or inappropriate to reach strong conclusions about user movement based on such data without proper understanding of user movement between call records. Based on an analysis of a real-world trace, we propose a novel, probabilistic Inter-Call Mobility (ICM) model of users' position in between calls. The ICM model combines Gaussian mixtures to build a general, comprehensive spatio-temporal refinement of CDRs. We demonstrate that ICM model's application yields strikingly different conclusions to the existing models when applied to basic CDR analyses, such as user proximity probability.}, publisher = {IEEE}, keywords = {wireless, measurement, ctu_personal}, datasets = {ctu/personal} } @InProceedings{ficek:spatial, author = {Michal Ficek and Lukas Kencl}, title = {Spatial extension of the reality mining dataset}, booktitle = {IEEE 7th International Conference on Mobile Adhoc and Sensor Systems (MASS) 2010}, pages = {666--673}, year = {2010}, address = {San Francisco, CA}, url = {http://meltworks.org/MELT_Workshop/Program_files/ficek-kencl.pdf} , month = nov, publisher = {IEEE}, keywords = {wireless, measurement, ctu_personal}, datasets = {ctu/personal} } @InProceedings{franceschinis:measuring, author = {Mirko Franceschinis and Marco Mellia and Michela Meo and Maurizio Munafo}, title = {Measuring {TCP} over {WiFi}: A Real Case}, keywords = {measurement, wireless}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the First Workshop on Wireless Network Measurements (WiNMee 2005)}, month = apr, year = {2005}, address = {Trentino, Italy}, url = {http://www.winmee.org/2005/papers/WiNMee_Franceschinis.pdf} } @Article{gaertner:quality, author = {Gregor Gaertner and Vinny Cahill}, title = {Understanding Link Quality in 802.11 Mobile Ad Hoc Networks}, keywords = {measurement, wireless}, journal = {IEEE Internet Computing}, pages = {55--60}, month = jan, year = {2004}, volume = {8}, number = {1}, url = {https://www.cs.tcd.ie/Gregor.Gaertner/UnderstandingLinkQuality.pdf} } @InProceedings{gaito:finegrained, author = {Sabrina Gaito and Elena Pagani and Gian Paolo Rossi}, title = {Fine-Grained Tracking of Human Mobility in Dense Scenarios}, booktitle = {6th Annual IEEE Communications Society Conference on Sensor, Mesh and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks (SECON) - Poster Session}, pages = {40--42}, publisher = {IEEE}, year = {2009}, address = {Roma (Italy)}, month = jun, url = {http://homes.dico.unimi.it/~pagae/elena/articoli/abstract-secon09.pdf} , keywords = {measurement, wireless, unimi_pmtr}, datasets = {unimi/pmtr} } @InProceedings{gaito:opportunistic, author = {Sabrina Gaito and Elena Pagani and Gian Paolo Rossi}, title = {Opportunistic Forwarding in Workplaces}, booktitle = {Proceedings of 2nd ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Online Social Networks}, pages = {55--60}, year = {2009}, address = {Barcelona, Spain}, month = aug, publisher = {ACM}, url = {http://homes.dico.unimi.it/~pagae/elena/articoli/WOSN_09.pdf} , abstract = {So far, the search for Opportunistic Network (ON) applications has focused on urban/rural scenarios where the combined use of mobility and the store-carry-and-forward paradigm helpfully recovers from network partitions and copes with node sparsity. This paper explores the chance of using ONs in workplaces, where the node distribution is denser, thus contributing to reduce the message delivery latency, and where we still find similar needs for informal and unplanned network platforms to support human social relationships and interactions. Both a survey and trace recording experiments have been used to support the analysis of this mobility setting. The ability of recording very short contact times (i.e. lasting few seconds) allowed to interestingly show the slightly different role the social relationships play in dense scenarios and how the large amount of contacts (both short and long), occurring in densily populated spaces, actually contribute to reduce the message-delivery latency and to increase the delivery probability.}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, unimi_pmtr, crawdad}, datasets = {unimi/pmtr} } @InProceedings{galati:human, author = {Adriano Galati and Chris Greenhalgh}, title = {Human mobility in shopping mall environments}, booktitle = {MobiOpp '10 Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Mobile Opportunistic Networking}, pages = {1--7}, year = {2010}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, month = feb, publisher = {ACM}, keywords = {wireless, measurement, nottingham_mall}, datasets = {nottingham/mall} } @InProceedings{ganu:capture, author = {Sachin Ganu and Kishore Ramachandran and Marco Gruteser and Ivan Seskar and Jing Deng}, title = {Methods for restoring {MAC} layer fairness in IEEE 802.11 networks with physical layer capture}, booktitle = {REALMAN '06: Proceedings of the second international workshop on Multi-hop ad hoc networks: from theory to reality}, year = {2006}, pages = {7--14}, doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1132983.1132986}, publisher = {ACM Press}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1132983.1132986}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, rutgers_capture, crawdad}, datasets = {rutgers/capture} } @InProceedings{gass:in-motion, author = {Richard Gass and James Scott and Christophe Diot}, title = {Measurements of In-Motion 802.11 Networking}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 7th IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications}, month = apr, year = {2006}, pages = {69--74}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/WMCSA.2006.14}, address = {Semiahmoo Resort, Washington, USA}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, cambridge_inmotion, crawdad}, datasets = {cambridge/inmotion} } @TechReport{gass:in-motion-tr, author = {Richard Gass and James Scott and Christophe Diot}, title = {Measurements of In-Motion 802.11 Networking}, number = {IRC-TR-05-050}, month = oct, year = {2005}, institution = {Intel Research Technical Report}, url = {http://www.pittsburgh.intel-research.net/~rgass/papers/tr/irc-tr05050-inmotion.pdf} , abstract = {Wireless networking can support in-motion users by providing occasional opportunities to transmit and receive data. We measure the performance of UDP and TCP transfers between a car traveling at speeds from 5 mph to 75 mph, and an 802.11b access point. We analyze the impact of bandwidth and delay limitations in the backhaul network on the feasibility of in-motion transfer with typical Internet applications. We observe that in interference-free environments, a significant amount of data can be transferred using off-the-shelf equipment. We find that performance suffers mostly from network or application related problems instead of wireless link issues, i.e., protocols with handshakes, bandwidth limitations, and long round-trip times.}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, cambridge_inmotion, crawdad}, datasets = {cambridge/inmotion} } @TechReport{ghosh:profiling, author = {Joy Ghosh and Matthew J. Beal and Hung Q. Ngo and Chunming Qiao}, title = {On Profiling Mobility and Predicting Locations of Campus-wide Wireless Network Users}, keywords = {measurement, wireless}, month = dec, year = {2005}, institution = {Department of Computer Science and Engineering University at Buffalo, The State University of New York}, url = {http://www.cse.buffalo.edu/tech-reports/2005-27.pdf}, abstract = {In this paper, we analyze a year long wireless network users' mobility trace data collected on ETH Zurich campus. Unlike earlier work, we profile the movement pattern of wireless users and predict their locations. More specifically, we show that each network user regularly visits a list of places, such as a building (also referred to as "hubs") with some probability. The daily list of hubs, along with their corresponding visit probabilities, are referred to as a mobility profile. We also show that over a period of time (e.g., a week), a user may repeatedly follow a mixture of mobility profiles with certain probabilities associated with each of the profiles. Our analysis of the mobility trace data not only validate the existence of our so-called sociological orbits, but also demonstrate the advantages of exploiting it in performing hub-level location predictions. Moreover, such profile based location predictions are found not only to be more precise than a common statistical approach based on observed hub visitation frequencies, but also shown to incur a much lower overhead. We further illustrate the benefit of profiling users' mobility by discussing relevant work and suggesting applications in different types of wireless networks, including mobile ad hoc networks. } } @InProceedings{gonzalez:hams, author = {Francisco Gonz{\'a}lez and Jes{\'u}s A. P{\'e}rez and Victor H. Z{\'a}rate}, title = {{HAMS}: Layer 2 Handoff Accurate Measurement Strategy in {WLANs} 802.11}, keywords = {measurement, wireless}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the First Workshop on Wireless Network Measurements (WiNMee 2005)}, month = apr, year = {2005}, address = {Trentino, Italy}, url = {http://www.winmee.org/2005/papers/WiNMee_Gonzalez.pdf} } @InProceedings{gopal:evaluation, author = {Sumathi Gopal and Dipankar Raychaudhuri}, title = {Experimental Evaluation of the {TCP} Simultaneous Send Problem in 802.11 Wireless Local Area Networks}, keywords = {measurement, wireless}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2005 Workshop on experimental approaches to wireless network design and analysis (E-WIND-05)}, month = aug, year = {2005}, address = {Philadelphia, PA}, url = {http://www.acm.org/sigs/sigcomm/sigcomm2005/paper-GopRay.pdf} } @InProceedings{gorlatova:networking, author = {Maria Gorlatova and Aya Wallwater and Gil Zussman}, title = {Networking Low-Power Energy Harvesting Devices: Measurements and Algorithms}, booktitle = {Proceedings of IEEE Computer Communications Conference (IEEE INFOCOM'11)}, year = {2011}, month = apr, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Shanghai, China}, url = {http://enhants.ee.columbia.edu/images/CU-EE-2010-07-15a.pdf} , keywords = {measurement, wireless, columbia_enhants}, datasets = {columbia/enhants} } @InProceedings{gray:outdoor, author = {Robert S. Gray and David Kotz and Calvin Newport and Nikita Dubrovsky and Aaron Fiske and Jason Liu and Christopher Masone and Susan McGrath and Yougu Yuan}, title = {Outdoor Experimental Comparison of Four Ad Hoc Routing Algorithms}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Wireless and Mobile Systems (MSWiM)}, year = {2004}, month = oct, pages = {220--229}, publisher = {ACM Press}, copyright = {ACM}, note = {Finalist for Best Paper award}, url = {http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~dfk/papers/gray:compare.pdf}, keyword = {wireless network, mobile computing, ad hoc network, dfk, MANET}, abstract = {Most comparisons of wireless ad hoc routing algorithms involve simulated or {\em indoor} trial runs, or outdoor runs with only a small number of nodes, potentially leading to an incorrect picture of algorithm performance. In this paper, we report on an outdoor comparison of four different routing algorithms, APRL, AODV, ODMRP, and STARA, running on top of thirty-three 802.11-enabled laptops moving randomly through an athletic field. This comparison provides insight into the behavior of ad hoc routing algorithms at larger real-world scales than have been considered so far. In addition, we compare the outdoor results with both indoor (``tabletop'') and simulation results for the same algorithms, examining the differences between the indoor results and the outdoor reality. Finally, we describe the software infrastructure that allowed us to implement the ad hoc routing algorithms in a comparable way, and use the {\em same} codebase for indoor, outdoor, and simulated trial runs.}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, dartmouth_outdoor, crawdad}, datasets = {dartmouth/outdoor} } @InProceedings{gronvall:voice, author = {Bj{\"o}rn Gr{\"o}nvall and Ian Marsh}, title = {Performance Evaluation of Voice Handovers in Real 802.11 Networks}, keywords = {measurement, wireless}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Wireless Network Measurements (WiNMee 2006)}, address = {Boston, MA, USA}, month = apr, year = {2006}, url = {http://www.winmee.org/papers/02-04.pdf} } @InProceedings{gwon:experimental, author = {Youngjune Gwon and James Kempf and Raghu Dendukuri and Ravi Jain}, title = {Experimental Results on {IP}-layer Enhancement to Capacity of {VoIPv6} over {IEEE} 802.11b Wireless {LAN}}, keywords = {measurement, wireless}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the First Workshop on Wireless Network Measurements (WiNMee 2005)}, month = apr, year = {2005}, address = {Trentino, Italy}, url = {http://www.winmee.org/2005/papers/WiNMee_Gwon.pdf} } @InProceedings{hadaller:multi-vehicular, author = {David Hadaller and Srinivasan Keshav and Tim Brecht}, title = {MV-MAX: Improving Wireless Infrastructure Access for Multi-Vehicular Communication}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Challenged Networks (CHANTS 2006)}, address = {Pisa, Italy}, month = sep, year = {2006}, url = {http://www.cs.uwaterloo.ca/~dthadall/research/papers/MV-MAX-SIGCOMM_CHANTS06-Paper.pdf} , abstract = {When a roadside 802.11-based wireless access point is shared by more than one vehicle, the vehicle with the lowest transmission rate reduces the effective transmission rate of all other vehicles. This performance anomaly degrades both individual and overall throughput in such multi-vehicular environments. Observing that every vehicle eventually receives good performance when it is near the access point, we propose MV-MAX (Multi-Vehicular Maximum), a medium access protocol that opportunistically grants wireless access to vehicles with the maximum transmission rate. Mathematical analysis and trace-driven simulations based on real data show that MV-MAX not only improves overall system throughput, compared to 802.11, by a factor of almost 4, but also improves on the previously proposed time-fairness scheme by a factor of more than 2. Moreover, despite being less fair than 802.11, almost every vehicle benefits by using MV-MAX over the more equitable 802.11 access mechanism. Finally, we show that our results are consistent across different data sets.}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, cambridge_inmotion, crawdad} } @InProceedings{han:wibro, author = {Mongnam Han and Youngseok Lee and Sue Moon and Keon Jang and Dooyoung Lee}, title = {Evaluation of VoIP Quality over WiBro}, booktitle = {{PAM} 2008, 9th {P}assive and {A}ctive {M}easurement conference}, year = {2008}, month = apr, pages = {51--60}, url = {http://an.kaist.ac.kr/~sbmoon/paper/intl-conf/2008-pam-wibro.pdf} , address = {Cleveland, Ohio}, abstract = { In this work, we have conducted experiments to evaluate QoS of VoIP applications over the WiBro network. In order to capture the baseline performance of the WiBro network we measure and analyze the characteristics of delay and throughput under stationary and mobile scenarios. Then we evaluate QoS of VoIP applications using the E-Model of ITU-T G.107. Our measurements show that the achievable maximum throughputs are 5.3 Mbps in downlink and 2 Mbps in uplink. VoIP quality is better than or at least as good as toll quality despite user mobility exceeding the protected limit of WiBro mobility support. Using RAS and sector identification information, we show that the handoff is correlated with throughput and quality degradation. }, keywords = {measurement, wireless, kaist_wibro, crawdad}, datasets = {kaist/wibro} } @Article{henderson:changing, author = {Henderson, Tristan and Kotz, David and Abyzov, Ilya}, title = {The Changing Usage of a Mature Campus-wide Wireless Network}, citeulike-article-id={2902063}, doi = {10.1016/j.comnet.2008.05.003}, journal = {Computer Networks}, keywords = {80211, crawdad, dartmouth_campus, measurement, mobility, network-measurement, wireless, wireless-lan}, posted-at = {2008-06-17 12:13:10}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2008.05.003}, volume = {In Press, Accepted Manuscript}, year = {2008}, datasets = {dartmouth/campus} } @InProceedings{henderson:esm, author = {Tristan Henderson and Denise Anthony and David Kotz}, title = {Measuring wireless network usage with the Experience Sampling Method}, keywords = {measurement, wireless}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the First Workshop on Wireless Network Measurements (WiNMee 2005)}, month = apr, year = {2005}, address = {Trentino, Italy}, url = {http://www.winmee.org/2005/papers//WiNMee_Henderson.pdf} } @InProceedings{henderson:measuring, author = {Tristan Henderson and David Kotz}, title = {Measuring Wireless {LANs}}, keywords = {measurement, wireless}, marknew = {changed}, booktitle = {Mobile, Wireless and Sensor Networks: Technology, Applications and Future Directions}, editor = {Rajeev Shorey et~al.}, publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons}, copyright = {John Wiley \& Sons}, address = {New York, NY}, year = {2006}, pages = {5--27}, chapter = {1}, vitatype = invchapter, group = {cmc,dfk}, keyword = {wireless network, measurement, dfk} } @InProceedings{henderson:voice, author = {Tristan Henderson and David Kotz and Ilya Abyzov}, title = {The Changing Usage of a Mature Campus-wide Wireless Network}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Tenth Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom)}, pages = {187--201}, month = sep, year = {2004}, address = {Philadelphia, PA, USA}, publisher = {ACM Press}, url = {http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~dfk/papers/henderson:voice.pdf} , keyword = {mobile computing, wireless network, workload characterization, voice over IP, VoIP, P2P}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, dartmouth_campus, crawdad}, datasets = {dartmouth/campus} } @InProceedings{hernandez:assessing, author = {Felix Hernandez-Campos and Maria Papadopouli}, title = {Assessing The Real Impact of 802.11 {WLANs}: A Large-Scale Comparison of Wired and Wireless Traffic}, keywords = {measurement, wireless}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 14th IEEE Workshop on Local and Metropolitan Area Networks}, month = sep, year = {2005}, address = {Crete, Greece}, url = {http://www.cs.unc.edu/~maria/lanman05-B.pdf} } @InProceedings{hernandez:comp, author = {Felix Hernandez-Campos and Maria Papadopouli}, title = {A Comparative Measurement Study of the Workload of Wireless Access Points in Campus Networks}, keywords = {measurement, wireless}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 16th Annual IEEE International Symposium on Personal Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications}, month = sep, year = {2005}, address = {Berlin, Germany}, url = {http://www.cs.unc.edu/~maria/pimrc05-B.pdf} } @InProceedings{hilal:interactions, author = {A. Hilal and J. N. Chattha and V. Srivastava and M. S. Thompson and A. B. MacKenzie and L. A. DaSilva}, title = {Interactions Between Cooperation Strategies in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks}, year = {2008}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Third ACM International Workshop on Wireless Network Testbeds, Experimental evaluation and CHaracterization (WiNTECH)}, address = {San Francisco, CA}, month = sep, url = {http://www.maniacchallenge.org/demofinal.pdf}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, vt_maniac, crawdad}, datasets = {vt/maniac}, abstract = { Cooperation among nodes in an ad hoc network is essential for multi-hop communication. Non- cooperative or selfish nodes reduce (or cease) cooperation by refusing to forward packets for others. In this demo we showcase the interactions between various cooperation strategies and quantify their impact on timely delivery of traffic across multi-hop routes. The cooperation strategies are implemented under the Linux operating system and run on an ad hoc network composed of virtual nodes on multiple physical workstations. The demo includes an interactive component that allows the audience to select the cooperation strategy to run on each individual network node and observe the effects of the selected combination of strategies on network performance. The mobility between nodes is emulated from connectivity traces gathered at the 2007 MANIAC Challenge. } } @InProceedings{hoffbeck:rf, author = {Joseph Hoffbeck}, title = {RF Signal Database for a Communication Systems Course}, booktitle = {Proceedings of American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference and Exposition (ASEE 2006)}, month = jun, year = {2006}, address = {Chicago, IL, USA}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, up_rf_recordings, crawdad}, datasets = {up/rf_recordings} } @InProceedings{hsu:associations, author = {Wei-Jen Hsu and Ahmed Helmy}, title = {On Modeling User Associations in Wireless LAN Traces on University Campuses}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Wireless Network Measurements (WiNMee 2006)}, address = {Boston, MA, USA}, month = apr, year = {2006}, url = {http://www.winmee.org/papers/01-05.pdf}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, dartmouth_campus,ibm_watson, crawdad}, datasets = {usc/mobilib} } @InProceedings{hsu:behavioral-groups, author = {Wei-jen Hsu and Debojyoti Dutta and Ahmed Helmy}, title = {Mining behavioral groups in large wireless LANs}, booktitle = {MobiCom '07: Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM international conference on Mobile computing and networking}, year = {2007}, pages = {338--341}, address = {Montreal, Quebec, Canada}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, dartmouth_campus, crawdad}, doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1287853.1287899}, url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1287853.1287899}, publisher = {ACM Press}, abstract = { Recent years have witnessed significant growth in the adoption of portable wireless communication and computing devices (e.g., laptops, PDAs, smart phones) and large-scale deployment of wireless networks (e.g., cellular, WLANs). We envision that future usage of mobile devices and services will be highly personalized. Users will incorporate these new technologies into their daily lives, and the way they use new devices and services will reflect their personality and lifestyle. Therefore it is imperative to study and characterize the fundamental structure of wireless user behavior in order to model, manage, leverage and design efficient mobile networks and services. In this study, using our systematic TRACE approach, we analyze wireless users' behavioral patterns by extensively mining wireless network logs from two major university campuses. We represent the data using location-preference vectors, and utilize unsupervised learning (clustering) to classify trends in user behavior using novel similarity metrics. Matrix decomposition techniques are used to identify (and differentiate between) major patterns. We discover multi-modal user behavior and hundreds of distinct groups with unique behavioral patterns in both campuses, and their sizes follow a power-law distribution. Our methods and findings might provide new directions in network management and behavior-aware network protocols and applications, to name a few. }, datasets = {usc/mobilib} } @TechReport{hsu:impact, author = {Wei-jen Hsu and Ahmed Helmy}, title = {{IMPACT}: Investigation of Mobile-user Patterns Across University Campuses using {WLAN} Trace Analysis}, month = jul, year = {2005}, institution = {Electrical Engineering Department, University of Southern California}, url = {http://nile.usc.edu/MobiLib/Trace_analysis_TR.pdf}, abstract = {We conduct the most comprehensive study of WLAN traces to date. Measurements collected from four major university campuses are analyzed with the aim of developing fundamental understanding of realistic user behavior in wireless networks. Both individual user and inter-node (group) behaviors are investigated and two classes of metrics are devised to capture the underlying structure of such behaviors. For individual user behavior we observe distinct patterns in which most users are 'on' for a small fraction of the time, the number of access points visited is very small and the overall online user mobility is quite low. We clearly identify categories of heavy and light users. In general, users exhibit high degree of similarity over days and weeks. For group behavior, we define metrics for encounter patterns and friendship. Surprisingly, we find that a user, on average, encounters less than 6\% of the network user population within a month, and that encounter and friendship relations are highly asymmetric. We establish that number of encounters follows a biPareto distribution, while friendship indexes follow an exponential distribution. We capture the encounter graph using a small world model, the characteristics of which reach steady state after only one day. We hope for our study to have a great impact on realistic modeling of network usage and mobility patterns in wireless networks.}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, dartmouth_campus,ibm_watson, crawdad}, datasets = {usc/mobilib} } @InProceedings{hsu:mobility, author = {Wei-jen Hsu and Thrasyvoulos Spyropoulos and Konstantinos Psounis and Ahmed Helmy}, title = {Modeling Time-variant User Mobility in Wireless Mobile Networks}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 26th Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (INFOCOM)}, month = mar, year = {2007}, address = {Anchorage, Alaska}, publisher = {IEEE}, url = {http://nile.cise.ufl.edu/~weijenhs/publication/INFOCOM_camera_final.pdf} , keywords = {measurement, wireless, dartmouth_campus,ibm_watson, crawdad}, datasets = {usc/mobilib} } @InProceedings{hsu:nodal, author = {Wei-Jen Hsu and Ahmed Helmy}, title = {On Nodal Encounter Patterns in Wireless {LAN} Traces}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Wireless Network Measurements (WiNMee 2006)}, address = {Boston, MA, USA}, month = apr, year = {2006}, url = {http://www.winmee.org/papers/02-03.pdf}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, dartmouth_campus,ibm_watson,cambridge_haggle, crawdad}, datasets = {usc/mobilib} } @Article{hsu:profile-cast, author = {Wei-jen Hsu and Debojyoti Dutta and Ahmed Helmy}, title = {Profile-cast: behavior-aware mobile networking}, journal = {SIGMOBILE Mob. Comput. Commun. Rev.}, keywords = {80211, crawdad, usc_mobilib, measurement, mobility, network-measurement, wireless, wireless-lan}, volume = {12}, number = {1}, year = {2008}, issn = {1559-1662}, pages = {52--54}, url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1374512.1374529}, doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1374512.1374529}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, datasets = {usc/mobilib} } @Misc{hsu:structure-poster, author = {Weijen Hsu and Debojyoti Dutta and Ahmed Helmy}, title = {MobiCom Poster: On the Structure of User Association Patterns in Wireless LANs}, year = {2006}, month = sep, howpublished= {Poster presentation at MobiCom 2006}, url = {http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1282239}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, dartmouth_campus, crawdad}, datasets = {usc/mobilib} } @TechReport{hui:bubble, author = {Pan Hui and Jon Crowcroft}, title = {{Bubble Rap: Forwarding in small world DTNs in ever decreasing circles}}, number = {UCAM-CL-TR-684}, month = may, year = {2007}, institution = {University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory}, url = {http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/TechReports/UCAM-CL-TR-684.pdf}, abstract = {In this paper we seek to improve understanding of the structure of human mobility, and to use this in the design of forwarding algorithms for Delay Tolerant Networks for the dissemination of data amongst mobile users. Cooperation binds but also divides human society into communities. Members of the same community interact with each other preferentially. There is structure in human society. Within society and its communities, individuals have varying popularity. Some people are more popular and interact with more people than others; we may call them hubs. Popularity ranking is one facet of the population. In many physical networks, some nodes are more highly connected to each other than to the rest of the network. The set of such nodes are usually called clusters, communities, cohesive groups or modules. There is structure to social networking. Different metrics can be used such as information flow, Freeman betweenness, closeness and inference power, but for all of them, each node in the network can be assigned a global centrality value. What can be inferred about individual popularity, and the structure of human society from measurements within a network? How can the local and global characteristics of the network be used practically for information dissemination? We present and evaluate a sequence of designs for forwarding algorithms for Pocket Switched Networks, culminating in Bubble, which exploit increasing levels of information about mobility and interaction.}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, cambridge_haggle,mit_reality,upmc_content, crawdad}, datasets = {cambridge/haggle,upmc/content} } @InProceedings{hui:community, author = {Pan Hui and Eiko Yoneki and Shu-yan Chan and Jon Crowcroft}, title = {{Distributed Community Detection in Delay Tolerant Networks}}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM MobiArch Workshop}, month = aug, year = {2007}, address = {Kyoto, Japan}, url = {http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~ph315/publications/mobiarch.pdf}, abstract = {Community is an important attribute of Pocket Switched Networks (PSN), because mobile devices are carried by people who tend to belong to communities. We analysed community structure from mobility traces and used for forwarding algorithms [12], which shows significant impact of community. Here, we propose and evaluate three novel distributed community detection approaches with great potential to detect both static and temporal communities. We find that with suitable configuration of the threshold values, the distributed community detection can approximate their corresponding centralised methods up to 90% accuracy.}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, mit_reality,upmc_content, crawdad}, datasets = {upmc/content} } @InProceedings{hui:conference, author = {Pan Hui and Augustin Chaintreau and James Scott and Richard Gass and Jon Crowcroft and Christophe Diot}, title = {Pocket Switched Networks and Human Mobility in Conference Environments}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGCOMM workshop on Delay-tolerant networking}, month = aug, year = {2005}, pages = {244--251}, address = {Philadelphia, PA, USA}, url = {http://www.acm.org/sigs/sigcomm/sigcomm2005/paper-HuiCha.pdf} , keywords = {measurement, wireless, cambridge_haggle, crawdad}, datasets = {cambridge/haggle} } @InProceedings{hutchins:wireless, author = {Ron Hutchins and Ellen W. Zegura}, title = {Measurements From a Campus Wireless Network}, keywords = {measurement, wireless}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC)}, pages = {3161--3167}, month = apr, year = {2002}, volume = {5}, address = {New York}, publisher = {IEEE Computer Society Press}, url = {http://www.cc.gatech.edu/computing/Telecomm/seminar/fall01/wireless.pdf} , keyword = {mobile computing, wireless network, workload characterization}, abstract = {In this paper we examine a high speed wireless access network and present traffic patterns and on-line behavior for wireless users. To date, wireless network studies have largely focused on cellular voice technologies and architectures. Here we present an analysis of data collected from an authenticated campus area access network providing both wireless 802.11b and walk-up Ethernet capabilities through an authenticated access network service. We present an analysis of session data, transport layer flow data, and movement data taken from 109 wireless access points spread across 18 buildings. Local Area Wireless Network (LAWN) wireless services support about 444 wireless hosts, 765 current users, and have sustained more than a million TCP flows over the nearly two month collection period.} } @InProceedings{iqbal:srvf, author = {Adnan Iqbal and M. Khurram Shahzad and Syed Ali Khayam}, title = {SRVF: An Energy-Efficient Link Layer Protocol for Reliable Transmission over Wireless Sensor Networks}, keywords = {crawdad, niit_bit_errors, measurement, wireless}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC)}, pages = {146--150}, month = may, year = {2008}, address = {New York}, publisher = {IEEE Computer Society Press}, url = {http://www.niit.edu.pk/~khayam/pdf/2008/icc08_srvf.pdf}, datasets = {niit/bit_errors} } @InProceedings{iqbal:two-tier, author = {Adnan Iqbal and Syed Ali Khayam}, title = {Improving WSN Simulation and Analysis Accuracy Using Two-Tier Channel Models}, keywords = {crawdad, niit_bit_errors, measurement, wireless}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC)}, pages = {349--353}, month = may, year = {2008}, address = {New York}, publisher = {IEEE Computer Society Press}, url = {http://www.niit.edu.pk/~khayam/pdf/2008/icc08_simulation.pdf} , datasets = {niit/bit_errors} } @InProceedings{ireland:long-distance, author = {Timothy Ireland and Adam Nyzio and Michael Zink and Jim Kurose}, title = {The Impact of Directional Antenna Orientation, Spacing, and Channel Separation on Long-distance Multi-hop 802.11g Networks: A Measurement Study}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Wireless Network Measurements (WiNMee 2007)}, month = apr, year = {2007}, address = {Limassol, Cyprus, Cyprus}, url = {http://skuld.cs.umass.edu/traces/wireless_traces/WiNMee07.pdf} , keywords = {measurement, wireless, umass_long_distance, crawdad}, datasets = {umass/long_distance} } @InProceedings{jadhav:lessons, author = {Sushant Jadhav and Timothy Brown and Sheetalkumar Doshi and Daniel Henkel and Roshan Thekkekunnel}, title = {Lessons Learned Constructing A Wireless Ad Hoc Network Test Bed}, keywords = {measurement, wireless}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the First Workshop on Wireless Network Measurements (WiNMee 2005)}, month = apr, year = {2005}, address = {Trentino, Italy}, url = {http://www.winmee.org/2005/papers/WiNMee_Jadhav.pdf} } @InProceedings{jain:mobicom05, author = {Ravi Jain and Dan Lelescu and Mahadevan Balakrishnan}, title = {{Model~T: an empirical model for user registration patterns in a campus wireless LAN}}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom)}, pages = {170--184}, month = aug, year = {2005}, address = {Cologne, Germany}, url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1080829.1080848}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, dartmouth_campus, crawdad} } @InProceedings{jain:speedbreaker, author = {Mohit Jain and Ajeet Pal Singh and Soshant Bali and Sanjit Kaul}, title = {Speed-Breaker Early Warning System}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 6th USENIX/ACM Workshop on Networked Systems for Developing Regions}, year = {2012}, location = {Boston, MA, USA}, url = {https://www.usenix.org/conference/nsdr12/speed-breaker-early-warning-system} , publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, keywords = {wireless, measurement, jiit_accelerometer}, datasets = {jiit/accelerometer} } @InProceedings{jamieson:realworld, author = {Kyle Jamieson and Bret Hull and Allen Miu and Hari Balakrishnan}, title = {Understanding the {Real-World} Performance of Carrier Sense}, keywords = {measurement, wireless}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2005 Workshop on experimental approaches to wireless network design and analysis (E-WIND-05)}, month = aug, year = {2005}, address = {Philadelphia, PA}, url = {http://www.acm.org/sigs/sigcomm/sigcomm2005/paper-JamHul.pdf} } @InProceedings{jardosh:association, author = {Amit P. Jardosh and Kimaya Mittal and Krishna Ramachandran and Elizabeth M. Belding and Kevin C. Almeroth}, title = {{IQU}: Practical Queue-Based User Association Management for {WLANs}}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom)}, month = sep, year = {2006}, address = {Los Angeles, CA}, url = {http://www.cs.ucsb.edu/~ebelding/txt/mobicom06.pdf}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, ucsb_ietf2005, crawdad}, datasets = {ucsb/ietf2005} } @InProceedings{jardosh:congestion, author = {Amit P. Jardosh and Krishna N. Ramachandran and Kevin C. Almeroth and Elizabeth M. Belding-Royer}, title = {Understanding Congestion in {IEEE} 802.11b Wireless Networks}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Internet Measurement Conference}, month = oct, year = {2005}, address = {Berkeley, CA}, url = {http://moment.cs.ucsb.edu/conan/jardosh-imc2005.pdf}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, ucsb_ietf2005, crawdad}, datasets = {ucsb/ietf2005} } @InProceedings{jardosh:link-layer, author = {Amit P. Jardosh and Krishna N. Ramachandran and Kevin C. Almeroth and Elizabeth M. Belding-Royer}, title = {Understanding {Link-layer} Behavior in Congested {IEEE} 802.11b Wireless Networks}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Experimental Approaches to Wireless Network Design and Analysis (E-WIND-05)}, month = aug, year = {2005}, address = {Philadelphia, PA}, url = {http://www.acm.org/sigs/sigcomm/sigcomm2005/paper-JarRam.pdf} , keywords = {measurement, wireless, ucsb_ietf2005, crawdad}, datasets = {ucsb/ietf2005} } @InProceedings{jetcheva:metropolitan, author = {Jetcheva, J.G. and Hu, Y.-C. and PalChaudhuri, S. and Saha, A.K. and Johnson, D.B.}, title = {{Design and evaluation of a metropolitan area multitier wireless ad hoc network architecture}}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 5th IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications}, month = oct, year = {2003}, pages = {32--43}, url = {http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/MCSA.2003.1240765 }, address = {Monterey, CA, USA}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, rice_ad_hoc_city, crawdad}, datasets = {rice/ad_hoc_city} } @InProceedings{jiang:correction, author = {Wenyu Jiang}, title = {Bit Error Correction Without Redundant Data: A {MAC} Layer Technique for 802.11 Networks}, keywords = {measurement, wireless}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Wireless Network Measurements (WiNMee 2006)}, address = {Boston, MA, USA}, month = apr, year = {2006}, url = {http://www.winmee.org/papers/03-02.pdf} } @InProceedings{jones:practical, author = {Evan P.C. Jones and Lily Li and Paul A.S. Ward}, title = {Practical Routing in Delay-Tolerant Networks}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGCOMM workshop on Delay-tolerant networking}, month = aug, year = {2005}, pages = {237--243}, address = {Philadelphia, PA, USA}, url = {http://www.acm.org/sigs/sigcomm/sigcomm2005/paper-JonLi.pdf} , keywords = {measurement, wireless, dartmouth_campus, crawdad} } @InProceedings{judd:replaying, author = {Glenn Judd and Peter Steenkiste}, title = {A Simple Mechanism for Capturing and Replaying Wireless Channels}, keywords = {measurement, wireless}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2005 Workshop on experimental approaches to wireless network design and analysis (E-WIND-05)}, month = aug, year = {2005}, address = {Philadelphia, PA}, url = {http://www.acm.org/sigs/sigcomm/sigcomm2005/paper-JudSte.pdf} } @InProceedings{jung:blueprobe, author = {Sewook Jung and Alexander Chang and Mario Gerla}, title = {Comparison of Bluetooth Interconnection Methods Using {BlueProbe}}, keywords = {measurement, wireless}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Wireless Network Measurements (WiNMee 2006)}, address = {Boston, MA, USA}, month = apr, year = {2006}, url = {http://www.winmee.org/papers/03-03.doc} } @Article{kang:extracting, author = {Jong Hee Kang and William Welbourne and Benjamin Stewart and Gaetano Borriello}, title = {Extracting places from traces of locations}, journal = {SIGMOBILE Mob. Comput. Commun. Rev.}, volume = {9}, number = {3}, year = {2005}, url = {http://www.cs.washington.edu/homes/jhkang/papers/kang05mc2r.pdf} , issn = {1559-1662}, pages = {58--68}, doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1094549.1094558}, publisher = {ACM Press}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, abstract = {Location-aware systems are proliferating on a variety of platforms from laptops to cell phones. Though these systems offer two principal representations in which to work with location (coordinates and landmarks) they do not offer a means for working with the userlevel notion of 'place'. A place is a locale that is important to a user and which carries a particular semantic meaning such as 'my place of work', 'the place we live' or 'my favorite lunch spot'. Mobile devices can make more intelligent decisions about how to behave when they are equipped with this higher-level information. For example, a cell phone can switch to a silent mode when its owner enters a place where a ringer is inappropriate (e.g., a movie theater, a lecture hall, a place for personal reflection). In this paper, we describe an algorithm for extracting significant places from a trace of coordinates. Furthermore, we experimentally evaluate the algorithm with real, long-term data collected from three participants using a Place Lab client, a software client that computes location coordinates by listening for RF-emissions from known radio beacons in the environment (e.g. 802.11 access points, GSM cell towers).}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, uw_places, crawdad}, datasets = {uw/places} } @InProceedings{karagiannis:power-law, author = {Thomas Karagiannis and Jean-Yves Le Boudec and Milan Vojnovic}, title = {Power law and exponential decay of inter contact times between mobile devices}, booktitle = {MobiCom '07: Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM international conference on Mobile computing and networking}, year = {2007}, pages = {183--194}, address = {Montreal, Quebec, Canada}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, mit_reality,cambridge_haggle, crawdad}, doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1287853.1287875}, url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1287853.1287875}, publisher = {ACM Press}, abstract = { We examine the fundamental properties that determine the basic performance metrics for opportunistic communications. We first consider the distribution of inter-contact times between mobile devices. Using a diverse set of measured mobility traces, we find as an invariant property that there is a characteristic time, order of half a day, beyond which the distribution decays exponentially. Up to this value, the distribution in many cases follows a power law, as shown in recent work. This power law finding was previously used to support the hypothesis that inter-contact time has a power law tail, and that common mobility models are not adequate. However, we observe that the time scale of interest for opportunistic forwarding may be of the same order as the characteristic time, and thus the exponential tail is important. We further show that already simple models such as random walk and random waypoint can exhibit the same dichotomy in the distribution of inter-contact time asc in empirical traces. Finally, we perform an extensive analysis of several properties of human mobility patterns across several dimensions, and we present empirical evidence that the return time of a mobile device to its favorite location site may already explain the observed dichotomy. Our findings suggest that existing results on the performance of forwarding schemes based on power-law tails might be overly pessimistic. } } @InProceedings{karande:channel-state, author = {Shirish Karande and Syed Ali Khayam and Yongju Cho and Kiran Misra and Hayder Radha and Jae-Gon Kim and Jin-Woo Hong}, title = {On Channel State Inference and Prediction using Observable Variables in 802.11b Networks}, keywords = {crawdad, niit_bit_errors, measurement, wireless}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC)}, pages = {4554--4559}, month = jun, year = {2007}, address = {New York}, publisher = {IEEE Computer Society Press}, url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/4288670/4288671/04289423.pdf} , datasets = {niit/bit_errors} } @InProceedings{kaul:topologies, author = {Sanjit Krishnan Kaul and Marco Gruteser and Ivan Seskar}, title = {Creating wireless multi-hop topologies on space-constrained indoor testbeds through noise injection}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Testbeds and Research Infrastructures for the Development of Networks and Communities (TRIDENTCOM 2006)}, month = mar, year = {2006}, doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1132983.1132986}, url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=1649191} , keywords = {measurement, wireless, rutgers_noise, crawdad}, datasets = {rutgers/noise}, abstract = {To evaluate routing protocols on a controlled indoor wireless testbed, the radio range must be compressed so that larger multi-hop topologies can be mapped into a laboratory-size area. We propose noise injection as a more flexible option than hardware attenuation and consider methods for mapping real world wireless network topologies onto the testbed. Our experimental results show that additive white Gaussian noise effectively reduces the radio range, without the need for hardware attenuation and careful shielding of wireless cards. We performed experiments for a free space propagation environment. By selecting node positions through an automated procedure, we were able to create a 5-node/4-hop string topology and a random partially connected 6-node topology in a 8m by 8m area with off-the-shelf IEEE 802.11 hardware.} } @InProceedings{kawadia:experimental, author = {Vikas Kawadia and P. R. Kumar}, title = {Experimental Investigations into {TCP} Performance over Wireless Multihop Networks}, keywords = {measurement, wireless}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2005 Workshop on experimental approaches to wireless network design and analysis (E-WIND-05)}, month = aug, year = {2005}, address = {Philadelphia, PA}, url = {http://www.acm.org/sigs/sigcomm/sigcomm2005/paper-KawKum.pdf} } @InProceedings{kazemi:mman, author = {H. Kazemi and G. C. Hadjichristofi and LDaSilva}, title = {MMAN - A Monitor for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks: Design, Implementation and Experimental Evaluation}, year = {2008}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Third ACM International Workshop on Wireless Network Testbeds, Experimental evaluation and CHaracterization (WiNTECH)}, address = {San Francisco, CA}, month = sep, url = {http://www.maniacchallenge.org/kazemi.pdf}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, vt_maniac, crawdad}, datasets = {vt/maniac}, abstract = { Mobile Ad hoc NETworks (MANETs) are networks in which mobile routers are connected via wireless links forming dynamic topologies. An important function of network management in a MANET is to observe network conditions: at the node level, this may mean keeping track of the traffic load; at the network level, the system must monitor active routes and changes in the network topology. In this research, we introduce a Monitor for Mobile Ad hoc Networks, (MMAN) to address the challenges of monitoring MANETs. We formulate an overall design structure and present an implementation of our framework for a MANET running the Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) protocol. The unobtrusive and distributed nature of MMAN allows the system to adapt to the constantly changing nature of MANETs and to provide valuable network management, security assessment, and traffic analysis information. Our system produces a dynamic picture of the network level and node level information on a graphical user interface. The system is non-intrusive, generates no additional traffic on the MANET it monitors, and requires only modest processing and storage resources. } } @InProceedings{kiess:exc, author = {Wolfgang Kiess and Thomas Ogilvie and Martin Mauve}, title = {{The EXC Toolkit for Real-World Experiments with Wireless Multihop Networks}}, month = jun, year = {2008}, booktitle = {EXPONWIRELESS 2008: Proceeding of the 3rd Workshop on Advanced Experimental Activities on Wireless Networks and Systems}, address = {Newport Beach, California, USA}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, tools_collect_multihop_EXC, crawdad}, datasets = {tools/collect/multihop/EXC} } @InProceedings{kim:classify, author = {Minkyong Kim and David Kotz}, title = {Classifying the Mobility of Users and the Popularity of Access Points}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Workshop on Location- and Context-Awareness (LoCA)}, editor = {Thomas Strang and Claudia Linnhoff-Popien}, month = may, year = {2005}, series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, volume = {3479}, pages = {198--209}, publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, copyright = {Springer-Verlag}, address = {Germany}, url = {http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~dfk/papers/kim:classify.pdf}, keyword = {wireless network, location aware, localization, location prediction, location tracking, mobile computing}, abstract = {There is increasing interest in location-aware systems and applications. It is important for any designer of such systems and applications to understand the nature of user and device mobility. Furthermore, an understanding of the effect of user mobility on access points (APs) is also important for designing, deploying, and managing wireless networks. Although various studies of wireless networks have provided insights into different network environments and user groups, it is often hard to apply these findings to other situations, or to derive useful abstract models. \par In this paper, we present a general methodology for extracting mobility information from wireless network traces, and for classifying mobile users and APs. We used the Fourier transform to convert time-dependent location information to the frequency domain, then chose the two strongest periods and used them as parameters to a classification system based on Bayesian theory. To classify mobile users, we computed diameter (the maximum distance between any two APs visited by a user during a fixed time period) and observed how this quantity changes or repeats over time. We found that user mobility had a strong period of one day, but there was also a large group of users that had either a much smaller or much bigger primary period. Both primary and secondary periods had important roles in determining classes of mobile users. Users with one day as their primary period and a smaller secondary period were most prevalent; we expect that they were mostly students taking regular classes. To classify APs, we counted the number of users visited each AP. The primary period did not play a critical role because it was equal to one day for most of the APs; the secondary period was the determining parameter. APs with one day as their primary period and one week as their secondary period were most prevalent. By plotting the classes of APs on our campus map, we discovered that this periodic behavior of APs seemed to be independent of their geographical locations, but may depend on the relative locations of nearby APs. Ultimately, we hope that our study can help the design of location-aware services by providing a base for user mobility models that reflect the movements of real users.}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, dartmouth_campus, crawdad} } @TechReport{kim:classify-tr, author = {Minkyong Kim and David Kotz}, title = {Classifying the Mobility of Users and the Popularity of Access Points}, year = {2005}, month = may, number = {TR2005-540}, institution = {Dept. of Computer Science, Dartmouth College}, copyright = {the authors}, url = {http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/reports/abstracts/TR2005-540/}, keyword = {wireless network, location aware, localization, location prediction, location tracking, mobile computing}, abstract = {There is increasing interest in location-aware systems and applications. It is important for any designer of such systems and applications to understand the nature of user and device mobility. Furthermore, an understanding of the effect of user mobility on access points (APs) is also important for designing, deploying, and managing wireless networks. Although various studies of wireless networks have provided insights into different network environments and user groups, it is often hard to apply these findings to other situations, or to derive useful abstract models.\par In this paper, we present a general methodology for extracting mobility information from wireless network traces, and for classifying mobile users and APs. We used the Fourier transform to convert time-dependent location information to the frequency domain, then chose the two strongest periods and used them as parameters to a classification system based on Bayesian theory. To classify mobile users, we computed diameter (the maximum distance between any two APs visited by a user during a fixed time period) and observed how this quantity changes or repeats over time. We found that user mobility had a strong period of one day, but there was also a large group of users that had either a much smaller or much bigger primary period. Both primary and secondary periods had important roles in determining classes of mobile users. Users with one day as their primary period and a smaller secondary period were most prevalent; we expect that they were mostly students taking regular classes. To classify APs, we counted the number of users visited each AP. The primary period did not play a critical role because it was equal to one day for most of the APs; the secondary period was the determining parameter. APs with one day as their primary period and one week as their secondary period were most prevalent. By plotting the classes of APs on our campus map, we discovered that this periodic behavior of APs seemed to be independent of their geographical locations, but may depend on the relative locations of nearby APs. Ultimately, we hope that our study can help the design of location-aware services by providing a base for user mobility models that reflect the movements of real users.}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, dartmouth_campus, crawdad} } @Article{kim:jclassify, author = {Minkyong Kim and David Kotz}, title = {Periodic properties of user mobility and access-point popularity}, journal = {Journal of Personal and Ubiquitous Computing}, year = {2006}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00779-006-0093-4}, keyword = {Wireless network, user mobility, popularity of access points, periodicity}, abstract = {Understanding user mobility and its effect on access points (APs) is important in designing location-aware systems and wireless networks. Although various studies of wireless networks have provided useful insights, it is hard to apply them to other situations. Here we present a general methodology for extracting mobility information from wireless network traces, and for classifying mobile users and APs. We used the Fourier transform to reveal important periods and chose the two strongest to serve as parameters to a classification system based on Bayes' theory. Analysis of one-month traces shows that while a daily pattern is common among both users and APs, a weekly pattern is common only for APs. Analysis of one-year traces revealed that both user mobility and AP popularity depend on the academic calendar. By plotting the classes of APs on our campus map, we discovered that their periodic behavior depends on their proximity to other APs.}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, dartmouth_campus, crawdad} } @InProceedings{kim:measurement, author = {Seungbae Kim and Xiaofei Wang and Hyunchul Kim and Ted Kwon and Yanghee Choi}, title = {Measurement and Analysis of {BitTorrent} Traffic in Mobile {WiMAX}}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE Tenth International Conference on Peer-to-Peer Computing (P2P)}, pages = {1--4}, year = {2010}, address = {Delft, Netherlands}, month = aug, publisher = {IEEE}, url = {http://mmlab.snu.ac.kr/~sbkim/paper/IEEE_P2P_2010.pdf}, abstract = {As mobile Internet environments are becoming dominant, how to revamp P2P operations for mobile hosts is gaining more and more attention. In this paper, we carry out empirical traffic measurement of BitTorrent service in various settings (static, bus and subway) in commercial WiMAX networks. To this end, we analyze the connectivity among peers, the download throughput/stability, and the signaling overhead of mobile WiMAX hosts in comparison to a wired (Ethernet) host. We find out the drawbacks of BitTorrent operations in mobile Internet are characterized by lower connection ratio, unstable connections amongst peers, and higher control message overhead.}, doi = {10.1109/P2P.2010.5569997}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, snu_bittorrent, crawdad}, datasets = {snu/bittorrent} } @InProceedings{kim:mobility, author = {Minkyong Kim and David Kotz and Songkuk Kim}, title = {Extracting a mobility model from real user traces}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 25th Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (INFOCOM)}, year = {2006}, month = apr, address = {Barcelona, Spain}, url = {http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~dfk/papers/kim:mobility.pdf}, keyword = {mobile computing, wireless network}, abstract = {Understanding user mobility is critical for simulations of mobile devices in a wireless network, but current mobility models often do not reflect real user movements. In this paper, we provide a foundation for such work by exploring mobility characteristics in traces of mobile users. We present a method to estimate the physical location of users from a large trace of mobile devices associating with access points in a wireless network. Using this method, we extracted tracks of always-on Wi-Fi devices from a 13-month trace. We discovered that the speed and pause time each follow a log-normal distribution and that the direction of movements closely reflects the direction of roads and walkways. Based on the extracted mobility characteristics, we developed a mobility model, focusing on movements among popular regions. Our validation shows that synthetic tracks match real tracks with a median relative error of 17\%.}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, dartmouth_campus, crawdad} } @InProceedings{kim:modeling, author = {Minkyong Kim and David Kotz}, title = {Modeling Users' Mobility among WiFi Access Points}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Workshop on Wireless Traffic Measurements and Modeling}, pages = {19--24}, month = jun, year = {2005}, address = {Seattle, WA}, url = {http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~dfk/papers/kim:hotspots.pdf}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, dartmouth_campus, crawdad} } @InProceedings{kim:wardriving, author = {Minkyong Kim and Jeff Fielding and David Kotz}, title = {Risks of using {AP} locations discovered through war driving}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Pervasive Computing}, year = {2006}, month = may, url = {http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~minkyong/papers/minkyong-pervasive06-v20060503.pdf} , keyword = {mobile computing, pervasive computing, context-aware computing, wardriving, wireless networks, mobility modeling}, abstract = {Many pervasive-computing applications depend on knowledge of user location. Because most current location-sensing techniques work only either indoors or outdoors, researchers have started using 802.11 beacon frames from access points (APs) to provide broader coverage. To use 802.11 beacons, they need to know AP locations. Because the actual locations are often unavailable, they use estimated locations from \emph{war driving}. But these estimated locations may be different from actual locations. In this paper, we analyzed the errors in these estimates and the effect of these errors on other applications that depend on them. We found that the estimated AP locations have a median error of 35~meters. We considered the error in tracking user positions both indoors and outdoors. Using actual AP locations, we could improve the accuracy as much as 72\% for indoors and 42\% for outdoors. We also analyzed the effect of using estimated AP locations in computing AP coverage range and estimating interference among APs. The coverage range appeared to be shorter and the interference appeared to be more severe than in reality.}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, dartmouth_wardriving, crawdad}, datasets = {dartmouth/wardriving} } @InProceedings{king:802-11, author = {Thomas King and Thomas Haenselmann and Wolfgang Effelsberg}, title = {Deployment, Calibration, and Measurement Factors for Position Errors in 802.11-based Indoor Positioning Systems}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Workshop on Location- and Context-Awareness (LoCA)}, editor = {Jeffrey Hightower and Bernt Schiele and Thomas Strang}, address = {Germany}, month = sep, year = {2007}, series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, volume = {4718}, pages = {17--34}, publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, copyright = {Springer-Verlag}, url = {http://www.informatik.uni-mannheim.de/pi4/publications/King2007i.pdf} , abstract = {Indoor positioning systems based on 802.11 and fingerprints offer reasonably low position errors. We study the deployment, calibration, and measurement factors for position errors by systematically investigating (1) the number of access points, (2) the number of samples in the training phase, (3) the number of samples in the position determination phase, and (4) the setup of the grid of reference points. Further, we bring out the best of the positioning system by selecting advantageous values for these parameters. For our study, we utilize a test environment with a size of about 312 square meters that is covered with 612 reference points arranged in an equally spaced grid. }, keywords = {measurement, wireless, mannheim_compass, crawdad}, datasets = {mannheim/compass} } @InProceedings{king:compass, author = {T. King and S. Kopf and T. Haenselmann and C. Lubberger and W. Effelsberg}, title = {COMPASS: A Probabilistic Indoor Positioning System Based on 802.11 and Digital Compasses}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the First ACM International Workshop on Wireless Network Testbeds, Experimental evaluation and CHaracterization (WiNTECH)}, month = sep, year = {2006}, address = {Los Angeles, CA, USA}, url = {http://www.informatik.uni-mannheim.de/pi4/publications/King2006g.pdf} , abstract = {Positioning systems are one of the key elements required by location-based services. This paper presents the design, implementation and analysis of a positioning system called COMPASS which is based on 802.11-compliant network infrastructure and digital compasses. On the mobile device, COMPASS samples the signal strength values of different access points in its communication range and utilizes the orientation of the user to preselect a subset of the training data. The remaining training data is used by a probabilistic positioning algorithm to determine the position of the user. While prior systems show limited accuracy due to blocking effects caused by the human body, we apply digital compasses to detect the orientations of the users so that we can deal with these blocking effects. After a short period of training our COMPASS system achieves an average error distance of less than 1.65 meters in our experimental environment of 312 square meters.}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, mannheim_compass, crawdad}, datasets = {mannheim/compass} } @InProceedings{king:fingerprint, author = {Thomas King and Thomas Haenselmann and Wolfgang Effelsberg}, title = {On-Demand Fingerprint Selection for 802.11-based Positioning Systems}, booktitle = {Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on a World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks (IEEE WoWMoM)}, month = jun, year = {2008}, address = {Newport Beach, CA}, url = {http://www.informatik.uni-mannheim.de/pi4/publications/King2008b.pdf} , abstract = { Fingerprinting is a popular technology for 802.11-based positioning systems: Radio characteristics from different access points are measured at various positions and stored in a database. The database is copied to all mobile devices, and in case that a position estimate is needed, the device compares its currently measured radio characteristics with all the database entries. In this paper, we present two on-demand fingerprint selection algorithms to avoid the cumbersome and time-consuming approach of manually copying all fingerprints. Our algorithms only request those fingerprints from the database that are currently required to compute a position. The two algorithms differ in the way they shape the region for which fingerprints are requested. On-demand selection also allows storage-restricted mobile devices to utilize the positioning system. We carefully evaluate our algorithms in a real-world experiment. The results show that our algorithms do not harm the position accuracy of the positioning system. In addition, we analyze the space requirements of our algorithms and show that the typical constraints of mobile devices are met. }, keywords = {measurement, wireless, mannheim_compass, crawdad}, datasets = {mannheim/compass} } @InProceedings{king:tools, author = {Thomas King and Thomas Butter and Hendrik Lemelson and Thomas Haenselmann and Wolfgang Effelsberg}, title = {Loc(lib,trace,eva,ana): Research Tools for 802.11-based Positioning Systems}, year = {2007}, pages = {67--74}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second ACM International Workshop on Wireless Network Testbeds, Experimental evaluation and CHaracterization (WiNTECH)}, address = {Montreal, QC, Canada}, month = sep, url = {http://www.informatik.uni-mannheim.de/pi4/publications/King2007f.pdf} , keywords = {measurement, wireless, tools_collect_location_loclib,tools_collect_location_loctrace,tools_analyze_location_locana,tools_analyze_location_loceva, crawdad}, datasets = {tools/collect/location/loclib,tools/collect/location/loctrace,tools/analyze/location/locana,tools/analyze/location/loceva} , abstract = {802.11-based positioning systems are a hot topic in research. However, no standardized set of tools has been established to facilitate the research process. In this paper, we contribute our research tools to the community. The benefit for the community is considerable: (1) Standardized tools reduce the amount of work each researcher has to spend to build software to collect signal strength samples and process this data. (2) The confidence in the correctness of the tools increases because everybody is encouraged to submit bugfixes. (3) A unified evaluation process makes results mutually comparable. (4) We hope other researchers contribute to our tools. } } @InProceedings{klasnja:wifi-privacy, author = {Klasnja, Predrag and Consolvo, Sunny and Jung, Jaeyeon and Greenstein, Benjamin M. and LeGrand, Louis and Powledge, Pauline and Wetherall, David}, title = {"When I am on Wi-Fi, I am fearless": privacy concerns \& practices in eeryday Wi-Fi use}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, tools_process_pcap_Wifipcap, crawdad}, booktitle = {CHI '09: Proceedings of the 27th international conference on Human factors in computing systems}, year = {2009}, isbn = {978-1-60558-246-7}, pages = {1993--2002}, location = {Boston, MA, USA}, doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1518701.1519004}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, datasets = {tools/process/pcap/Wifipcap} } @InProceedings{kompella:scheduling, author = {Ramana Rao Kompella and Narayanan Ramabhadran and Ishwar Ramani and Alex Snoeren}, title = {Cooperative Scheduling Via Pipelining in 802.11 Wireless Networks}, keywords = {measurement, wireless}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2005 Workshop on experimental approaches to wireless network design and analysis (E-WIND-05)}, month = aug, year = {2005}, address = {Philadelphia, PA}, url = {http://www.acm.org/sigs/sigcomm/sigcomm2005/paper-KomRam.pdf} } @InProceedings{kotz:axioms, author = {David Kotz and Calvin Newport and Robert S. Gray and Jason Liu and Yougu Yuan and Chip Elliott}, title = {Experimental Evaluation of Wireless Simulation Assumptions}, keywords = {measurement, wireless}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Wireless and Mobile Systems (MSWiM)}, year = {2004}, month = oct, pages = {78--82}, publisher = {ACM Press}, copyright = {ACM}, url = {http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~dfk/papers/kotz:axioms.pdf}, keyword = {wireless network, mobile computing, ad hoc network, dfk, MANET}, abstract = {All analytical and simulation research on ad~hoc wireless networks must necessarily model radio propagation using simplifying assumptions. We provide a comprehensive review of six assumptions that are still part of many ad~hoc network simulation studies, despite increasing awareness of the need to represent more realistic features, including hills, obstacles, link asymmetries, and unpredictable fading. We use an extensive set of measurements from a large outdoor routing experiment to demonstrate the weakness of these assumptions, and show how these assumptions cause simulation results to differ significantly from experimental results. We close with a series of recommendations for researchers, whether they develop protocols, analytic models, or simulators for ad~hoc wireless networks.} } @InProceedings{kotz:campus, author = {David Kotz and Kobby Essien}, title = {Analysis of a Campus-wide Wireless Network}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Eighth Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom)}, pages = {107--118}, month = sep, year = {2002}, note = {Revised and corrected as Dartmouth CS Technical Report TR2002-432}, url = {http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~dfk/papers/kotz:campus.pdf}, keyword = {mobile computing, wireless network, workload characterization, Dartmouth, dfk}, abstract = { Understanding usage patterns in wireless local-area networks (WLANs) is critical for those who develop, deploy, and manage WLAN technology, as well as those who develop systems and application software for wireless networks. This paper presents results from the largest and most comprehensive trace of network activity in a large, production wireless LAN. For eleven weeks we traced the activity of nearly two thousand users drawn from a general campus population, using a campus-wide network of 476 access points spread over 161 buildings. Our study expands on those done by Tang and Baker, with a significantly larger and broader population. \par We found that residential traffic dominated all other traffic, particularly in residences populated by newer students; students are increasingly choosing a wireless laptop as their primary computer. Although web protocols were the single largest component of traffic volume, network backup and file sharing contributed an unexpectedly large amount to the traffic. Although there was some roaming within a network session, we were surprised by the number of situations in which cards roamed excessively, unable to settle on one access point. Cross-subnet roams were an especial problem, because they broke IP connections, indicating the need for solutions that avoid or accommodate such roams.}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, dartmouth_campus, crawdad}, datasets = {dartmouth/campus} } @Article{kotz:jcampus, author = {David Kotz and Kobby Essien}, title = {Analysis of a Campus-wide Wireless Network}, journal = {Wireless Networks}, pages = {115--133}, year = {2005}, volume = {11}, copyright = {Springer Science and Business Media}, url = {http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~dfk/papers/kotz:jcampus.pdf}, keyword = {mobile computing, wireless network, workload characterization, Dartmouth, dfk}, abstract = {Understanding usage patterns in wireless local-area networks (WLANs) is critical for those who develop, deploy, and manage WLAN technology, as well as those who develop systems and application software for wireless networks. This paper presents results from the largest and most comprehensive trace of network activity in a large, production wireless LAN. For eleven weeks we traced the activity of nearly two thousand users drawn from a general campus population, using a campus-wide network of 476 access points spread over 161 buildings at Dartmouth College. Our study expands on those done by Tang and Baker, with a significantly larger and broader population. \par We found that residential traffic dominated all other traffic, particularly in residences populated by newer students; students are increasingly choosing a wireless laptop as their primary computer. Although web protocols were the single largest component of traffic volume, network backup and file sharing contributed an unexpectedly large amount to the traffic. Although there was some roaming within a network session, we were surprised by the number of situations in which cards roamed excessively, unable to settle on one access point. Cross-subnet roams were an especial problem, because they broke IP connections, indicating the need for solutions that avoid or accommodate such roams. }, keywords = {measurement, wireless, dartmouth_campus, crawdad}, datasets = {dartmouth/campus} } @InProceedings{koukis:anonymization, author = {D. Koukis and S. Antonatos and D. Antoniades and E.P. Markatos and P. Trimintzios}, title = {A Generic Anonymization Framework for Network Traffic}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC)}, month = jun, year = {2006}, volume = {5}, address = {Istanbul, Turkey}, publisher = {IEEE Computer Society Press}, url = {http://www.ics.forth.gr/dcs/Activities/papers/anon.icc06.pdf} , abstract = {Lack of trust is one of the main reasons for the limited cooperation between different organizations. The privacy of users is of paramount importance to administrators and organizations, which are reluctant to cooperate between each other and exchange network traffic traces. The main reasons behind reluctance to exchange monitored data are the protection of the users's privacy and the fear of information leakage about the internal infrastructure. Anonymization is the technique to overcome this reluctance and enhance the cooperation between different organizations with the smooth exchange of monitored data. Today, several organizations provide network traffic traces that are anonymized by software utilities or ad-hoc solutions that offer limited flexibility. The result of this approach is the creation of unrealistic traces, inappropriate for use in evaluation experiments. Furthermore, the need for fast on-line anonymization has recently emerged as cooperative defense mechanisms have to share network traffic. Our effort focuses on the design and implementation of a generic and flexible anonymization framework that provides extended functionality, covering multiple aspects of anonymization needs and allowing fine-tuning of privacy protection level. The proposed framework is composed by an anonymization application programming interface (AAPI). The performance results show that AAPI outperforms existing tools, while offering significantly more anonymization primitives.}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, tools_sanitize_generic_AnonTool, crawdad}, datasets = {tools/sanitize/generic/AnonTool} } @InProceedings{krendzel:load, author = {A. Krendzel and M. Portolés and J. Mangues}, title = {Methodology for Traffic Load Estimation in WLANs Based on Real Traces}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, dartmouth_campus, crawdad}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 14 European Wireless Conference}, month = jun, year = {2008}, address = {Praga, Czech Republic}, url = {http://www.cttc.es/resources/doc/080703-ew-final-web-20332.pdf} } @Misc{kumar:gender-poster, author = {Udayan Kumar and Nikhil Yadav and Ahmed Helmy}, title = {{Gender-based Feature Analysis in Campus-wide WLANs}}, keywords = {measurement, wireless}, year = {2007}, month = sep, url = {http://www.cise.ufl.edu/~ukumar/mobicom_07.pdf}, howpublished= {Poster presentation at MobiCom 2007} } @InProceedings{kusy:interferometric, author = {Branislav Kusy and Janos Sallai and Gyorgy Balogh and Akos Ledeczi and Vladimir Protopopescu and Johnny Tolliver and Frank DeNap and Morey Parang}, title = {{Radio Interferometric Tracking of Mobile Wireless Nodes}}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services (MobiSys)}, month = jun, year = {2007}, url = {http://www.isis.vanderbilt.edu/projects/nest/people/brano/pubs/sys5092-kusy.pdf} , address = {San Juan, Puerto Rico}, publisher = {USENIX Association}, keyword = {Wireless Sensor Networks, Radio Interferometry, Tracking, Localization, Location-Awareness, Mobility}, abstract = { Location-awareness is an important requirement for many mobile wireless applications today. When GPS is not applicable because of the required precision and/or the resource constraints on the hardware platform, radio interferometric ranging may offer an alternative. In this paper, we present a technique that enables the precise tracking of multiple wireless nodes simultaneously. It relies on multiple infrastructure nodes deployed at known locations measuring the position of tracked mobile nodes using radio interferometry. In addition to location information, the approach also provides node velocity estimates by measuring the Doppler shift of the interference signal. The performance of the technique is evaluated using a prototype implementation on mote-class wireless sensor nodes. Finally, a possible application scenario of dirty bomb detection in a football stadium is briefly described. }, keywords = {measurement, wireless, vanderbilt_interferometric, crawdad}, datasets = {vanderbilt/interferometric} } @InProceedings{lacan:multicast, author = {J{\'e}r{\^o}me Lacan and Tanguy Perennou}, title = {Evaluation of Error Control Mechanisms for 802.11b Multicast Transmissions}, keywords = {measurement, wireless}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Wireless Network Measurements (WiNMee 2006)}, address = {Boston, MA, USA}, month = apr, year = {2006}, url = {http://www.winmee.org/papers/03-01.pdf} } @InProceedings{lamarca:placelab, author = {Anthony LaMarca and Yatin Chawathe and Sunny Consolvo and Jeffrey Hightower and Ian Smith and James Scott and Timothy Sohn and James Howard and Jeff Hughes and Fred Potter and Jason Tabert and Pauline Powledge and Gaetano Borriello and Bill Schilit}, title = {Place Lab: Device Positioning Using Radio Beacons in the Wild}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Pervasive Computing}, year = {2005}, month = may, url = {http://www.placelab.org/publications/pubs/pervasive-placelab-2005-final.pdf} , abstract = {Location awareness is an important capability for mobile computing. Yet inexpensive, pervasive positioning -- a requirement for wide-scale adoption of location-aware computing -- has been elusive. We demonstrate a radio beacon-based approach to location, called Place Lab, that can overcome the lack of ubiquity and high-cost found in existing location sensing approaches. Using Place Lab, commodity laptops, PDAs and cell phones estimate their position by listening for the cell IDs of fixed radio beacons, such as wireless access points, and referencing the beacons' positions in a cached database. We present experimental results showing that 802.11 and GSM beacons are sufficiently pervasive in the greater Seattle area to achieve 20-30 meter median accuracy with nearly 100% coverage measured by availability in people's daily lives.}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, intel_placelab, crawdad}, datasets = {intel/placelab} } @InProceedings{lebrun:content, author = {Jason LeBrun and Chen-Nee Chuah}, title = {{Bluetooth content distribution stations on public transit}}, booktitle = {MobiShare '06: Proceedings of the 1st international workshop on Decentralized resource sharing in mobile computing and networking}, mon = sep, year = {2006}, pages = {63--65}, address = {Los Angeles, California}, keyword = {Bluetooth, DTN, vehicular networ}, url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1161252.1161269}, abstract = { In this poster, we introduce our Bluespots project, in which a small computer on a bus serves as a Bluetooth Content Distribution (BCD) station in a university public transit scenario. An important feature of the application space that we envision is that it depends only on single hops between devices. The primary form of communication will be between user mobile devices and Bluespots, or information waypoints. In later incarnations of this system, larger-scale dissemination can be achieved by using application-level peer-to-peer connections. However, we do not think of the system as a general data transit system. We consider it more as an implementation of social networking, in which users only participate in functions that are in line with their own interests and goals. }, keywords = {measurement, wireless, ucdavis_unitrans, crawdad}, datasets = {ucdavis/unitrans} } @InProceedings{lee:analysis, author = {Jaehwan Lee and Sunghyun Choi and Hanwook Jung}, title = {Analysis of User Behavior and Traffic Pattern in a Large-Scale 802.11a/b Network}, keywords = {measurement, wireless}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the First Workshop on Wireless Network Measurements (WiNMee 2005)}, month = apr, year = {2005}, address = {Trentino, Italy}, url = {http://www.winmee.org/2005/papers/WiNMee_Lee.pdf} } @InProceedings{lee:slaw, author = {Kyunghan Lee and Seongik Hong and Seong Joon Kim and Injong Rhee and Song Chong}, title = {SLAW: A Mobility Model for Human Walks}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, ncsu_mobilitymodels, crawdad}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 28th Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (INFOCOM)}, month = apr, year = {2009}, address = {Rio de Janeiro, Brazil}, publisher = {IEEE}, url = {http://netsrv.csc.ncsu.edu/export/slaw_infocom_2009.pdf}, datasets = {ncsu/mobilitymodels} } @InProceedings{lee:steady-state, author = {Jong-Kwon Lee and Jennifer C. Hou}, title = {Modeling steady-state and transient behaviors of user mobility:: formulation, analysis, and application}, booktitle = {MobiHoc '06: Proceedings of the seventh ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking and computing}, year = {2006}, pages = {85--96}, location = {Florence, Italy}, url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1132905.1132915}, doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1132905.1132915}, publisher = {ACM Press}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, dartmouth/campus, crawdad} } @InProceedings{lee:tcp-cdma, author = {Youngseok Lee}, title = {{Measured TCP Performance in CDMA 1x EV-DO Network}}, booktitle = {{PAM} 2006, 7th {P}assive and {A}ctive {M}easurement conference}, year = {2006}, month = mar, url = {http://www.pamconf.org/2006/papers/s1-lee.pdf}, address = {Adelaide, Australia}, abstract = { This paper investigates the long-lived TCP bulk throughput over the CDMA 1x EV-DO service that provides high-speed \always on" Internet connectivity in a wide-area mobile environment. Although the peak rates of downlink/uplink are speci ed as 2.4 Mbps/153 Kbps, the user-experienced application-layer throughput has not been much reported and analyzed. In our experiment, it was shown that average TCP throughputs over downlink/uplink are 572.5/94.7Kbps and the average packet loss rates of 1x EV-DO downlink/uplink are 0.2/4.7%. The average end-to-end round-trip delay was 417.4ms with the variance of 14,995ms. Although the packet loss rate is low, bursty packet losses frequently occur because of packet corruption with TCP checksum failures, which result in TCP performance degradation by the retransmission timeout. Our study showed that this TCP checksum errors are related with the TCP/IP header compression algorithm at link layer protocols such as PPP. Our measurement-based analysis of TCP performance could be used for the correct model of the 3G wireless link characteristic and for the real-world simulation of TCP behavior over the 3G wireless network. }, keywords = {measurement, wireless, cnu_cdma, crawdad}, datasets = {cnu/cdma} } @InProceedings{leguay:mobility, author = {J{\'e}r{\'e}mie Leguay and Timur Friedman and Vania Conan}, title = {Evaluating Mobility Pattern Space Routing for {DTNs}}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 25th IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM)}, month = apr, year = {2006}, address = {Barcelona, Spain}, url = {http://www-rp.lip6.fr/site_npa/site_rp/_publications/669-infocom06.pdf} , abstract = { Because a delay tolerant network (DTN) can often be partitioned, the problem of routing is very challenging. However, routing benefits considerably if one can take advantage of knowledge concerning node mobility. This paper addresses this problem with a generic algorithm based on the use of a high-dimensional Euclidean space, that we call MobySpace, constructed upon nodes' mobility patterns. We provide here an analysis and the large scale evaluation of this routing scheme in the context of ambient networking by replaying real mobil- ity traces. The specific MobySpace evaluated is based on the frequency of visit of nodes for each possible location. We show that the MobySpace can achieve good performance compared to that of the other algorithms we implemented, especially when we perform routing on the nodes that have a high connection time. We determine that the degree of homogeneity of mobility patterns of nodes has a high impact on routing. And finally, we study the ability of nodes to learn their own mobility patterns.}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, dartmouth_campus, crawdad} } @InProceedings{leguay:opportunistic, author = {J{\'e}r{\'e}mie Leguay and Anders Lindgren and James Scott and Timur Friedman and Jon Crowcroft}, title = {Opportunistic Content Distribution in an Urban Setting}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Challenged Networks (CHANTS 2006)}, address = {Pisa, Italy}, month = sep, year = {2006}, url = {http://www-rp.lip6.fr/site_npa/site_rp/_publications/697-chants06.pdf} , abstract = {This paper investigates the feasibility of a city-wide content distribution architecture composed of short range wireless access points. We look at how a target group of intermittently and partially connected mobile nodes can improve the diffusion of information within the group by leveraging fixed and mobile nodes that are exterior to the group. The fixed nodes are data sources, and the external mobile nodes are data relays, and we examine the trade off between the use of each in order to obtain high satisfaction within the target group, which consists of data sinks. We conducted an experiment in Cambridge, UK, to gather mobility traces that we used for the study of this content distribution architecture. In this scenario, the simple fact that members of the target group collaborate leads to a delivery ratio of 90\%. In addition, the use of external mobile nodes to relay the information slightly increases the delivery ratio while significantly decreasing the delay.}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, upmc_content, crawdad}, datasets = {upmc/content} } @InProceedings{li:tools, author = {Feng Li and Mingzhe Li and Rui Lu and Huahui Wu and Mark Claypool and Robert Kinicki}, title = {Tools and Techniques for Measurement of {IEEE} 802.11 Wireless Networks}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Wireless Network Measurements (WiNMee 2006)}, address = {Boston, MA, USA}, month = apr, year = {2006}, url = {http://www.winmee.org/papers/02-01.pdf}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, tools_collect_802.11_wrapi_plus, crawdad}, datasets = {tools/collect/802.11/wrapi_plus} } @InProceedings{liu:impala-zebranet, author = {Ting Liu and Christopher Sadler and Pei Zhang and Margaret Martonosi}, title = {{Implementing Software on Resource-Constrained Mobile Sensors: Experiences with Impala and ZebraNet}}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services (MobiSys)}, month = jun, year = {2004}, address = {Boston, MA}, publisher = {USENIX Association}, url = {http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=990064.990095}, keyword = {Sensor Networks, Middleware System, Operation Scheduling, Event Handling, Network Communications}, abstract = { ZebraNet is a mobile, wireless sensor network in which nodes move throughout an environment working to gather and process information about their surroundings. As in many sensor or wireless systems, nodes have critical resource constraints such as processing speed, memory size, and energy supply; they also face special hardware issues such as sensing device sample time, data storage/access restrictions, and wireless transceiver capabilities. This paper discusses and evaluates ZebraNet's system design decisions in the face of a range of real-world constraints. Impala-ZebraNet's middleware layer - serves as a light-weight operating system, but also has been designed to encourage application modularity, simplicity, adaptivity, and repairability. Impala is now implemented on ZebraNet hardware nodes, which include a 16-bit microcontroller, a low-power GPS unit, a 900MHz radio, and 4Mbits of non-volatile FLASH memory. This paper discusses Impala's operation scheduling and event handling model, and explains how system constraints and goals led to the interface designs we chose between the application, middleware, and firmware layers. We also describe Impala's network interface which unifies media access control and transport control into an efficient network protocol. With the minimum overhead in communication, buffering, and processing, it supports a range of message models, all inspired by and tailored to ZebraNet's application needs. By discussing design tradeoffs in the context of a real hardware system and a real sensor network application, this paper's design choices and performance measurements offer some concrete experiences with software systems issues for the mobile sensor design space. More generally, we feel that these experiences can guide design choices in a range of related systems. }, keywords = {measurement, wireless, princeton_zebranet, crawdad}, datasets = {princeton/zebranet} } @Article{liu:jdirex, author = {Jason Liu and Yougu Yuan and David M. Nicol and Robert S. Gray and Calvin C. Newport and David Kotz and Luiz Felipe Perrone}, title = {Empirical Validation of Wireless Models in Simulations of Ad~Hoc Routing Protocols}, keywords = {measurement, wireless}, journal = {Simulation: Transactions of The Society for Modeling and Simulation International}, volume = {81}, number = {4}, year = {2005}, month = apr, pages = {307--323}, publisher = {Sage Publications}, copyright = {Simulation Councils Inc.}, note = {``Best of PADS 2004'' special issue}, url = {http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~dfk/papers/liu:jdirex.pdf}, keyword = {wireless network, ad-hoc routing, MANET, simulation}, abstract = {Computer simulation has been used extensively as an effective tool in the design and evaluation of systems. One should not, however, underestimate the importance of validation--- the process of ensuring whether a simulation model is an appropriate representation of the real-world system. Validation of wireless network simulations is difficult due to strong interdependencies among protocols at different layers and uncertainty in the wireless environment. The authors present an approach of coupling direct-execution simulation and traces from real outdoor experiments to validating simple wireless models that are used commonly in simulations of wireless ad hoc networks. This article documents a common testbed that supports direct execution of a set of ad hoc routing protocol implementations in a wireless network simulator. By comparing routing behavior measured in the real experiment with behavior computed by the simulation, the authors validate the models of radio behavior upon which protocol behavior depends.} } @InProceedings{mahadevan:mobinet, author = {Priya Mahadevan and Adolfo Rodriguez and David Becker and Amin Vahdat}, title = {MobiNet: A Scalable Emulation Infrastructure for Ad hoc and Wireless Networks}, keywords = {measurement, wireless}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Workshop on Wireless Traffic Measurements and Modeling}, pages = {7--12}, month = jun, year = {2005}, address = {Seattle, WA}, url = {http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1072432} } @InProceedings{mahajan:vehicles, author = {Ratul Mahajan and John Zahorjan and Brian Zill}, title = {Understanding WiFi-based Connectivity from Moving Vehicles}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Internet Measurement Conference}, month = oct, year = {2007}, address = {San Diego, CA, USA}, url = {http://www.imconf.net/imc-2007/papers/imc18.pdf}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, microsoft_vanlan, crawdad}, datasets = {microsoft/vanlan} } @InProceedings{mahajan:wit, author = {R. Mahajan and M. Rodrig and D. Wetherall and J. Zahorjan}, title = {Analyzing the {MAC}-level Behavior of Wireless Networks}, booktitle = {Proceedings of ACM SIGCOMM 2006}, month = sep, year = {2006}, address = {Pisa, Italy}, url = {http://www.cs.washington.edu/research/networking/wireless/bits/sigcomm2006-wit.pdf} , abstract = {We present Wit, a non-intrusive tool that builds on passive monitoring to analyze the detailed MAC-level behavior of operational wireless networks. Wit uses three processing steps to construct an enhanced trace of system activity. First, a robust merging procedure combines the necessarily incomplete views from multiple, independent monitors into a single, more complete trace of wireless activity. Next, a novel inference engine based on formal language methods reconstructs packets that were not captured by any monitor and determines whether each packet was received by its destination. Finally, Wit derives network performance measures from this enhanced trace; we show how to estimate the number of stations competing for the medium. We assess Wit with a mix of real traces and simulation tests. We find that merging and inference both significantly enhance the originally captured trace. We apply Wit to multi-monitor traces from a live network to show how it facilitates 802.11 MAC analyses that would otherwise be difficult or rely on less accurate heuristics.}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, tools_analyze_802.11_Wit, crawdad}, datasets = {tools/analyze/802.11/Wit} } @InProceedings{mahanti:completeness, author = {Aniket Mahanti and Martin Arlitt and Carey Williamson}, title = {Assessing the Completeness of Wireless-side Tracing Mechanisms}, keywords = {measurement, wireless}, booktitle = {Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on a World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks (IEEE WoWMoM)}, month = jun, year = {2007}, address = {Helsinki, Finland}, url = {http://pages.cpsc.ucalgary.ca/~amahanti/Papers/WoWMoM2007.pdf} , abstract = { Analyzing traces of wireless network activity has many pragmatic purposes, from capacity planning to network design. Unfortunately, capturing complete traces of wireless traffic is difficult, and using incomplete traces can degrade the quality of the aforementioned analyses. In this paper we examine three different methods for estimating the completeness of wireless traces. We find that a method that examines MAC-layer sequence numbers provides the most accurate results. We also examine the effect of the placement of wireless sensors on the completeness of wirelessside traces. We determine that locating sensors such that the signal strengths between clients and access points is over 40% results in low miss rates at the sensor, and few CRC errors. } } @InProceedings{mahanti:monitoring, author = {Aniket Mahanti and Carey Williamson and Martin Arlitt and Anirban Mahanti}, title = {Comparing Wired-side and Wireless-side WLAN Monitoring Techniques: A Case Study}, keywords = {measurement, wireless}, booktitle = {Proceedings of IEEE International Local Computer Networks Workshop on Wireless Local Networks (IEEE WLN)}, month = oct, year = {2007}, address = {Dublin, Ireland}, url = {http://pages.cpsc.ucalgary.ca/~amahanti/Papers/WLN2007.pdf}, abstract = { Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) have become omnipresent: WLANs are available at airports, coffee shops, university campuses, corporate environments, and homes. This surge in the popularity of WLANs motivates the study of how these networks are used. Characterizing WLANs, however, is complicated by a number of factors including the geographic diversity of WLAN deployments and the need for capturing activity in the wireless environment instead of the wired environment. In this paper, we describe our experiences with the deployment and use of a remote passive wireless-side measurement infrastructure for monitoring usage of WLANs, and compare our results with a commonly used wired-side measurement technique. } } @Article{mahanti:remote, author = {Aniket Mahanti and Carey Williamson and Martin Arlitt}, title = {Remote Analysis of a Distributed WLAN using Passive Wireless-side Measurement}, keywords = {measurement, wireless}, journal = {Performance Evaluation}, year = {2007}, volume = {64}, number = {9--12}, pages = {909--932}, url = {http://pages.cpsc.ucalgary.ca/~amahanti/Papers/Performance2007.pdf} , keyword = {IEEE 802.11, Passive measurement, Traffic characterization}, month = oct, abstract = { This paper presents network traffic measurements from a campus-wide wireless LAN (WLAN), with the data collected using remote passive wireless-side measurement. We used commercially-available monitoring devices to collect wireless traffic concurrently from 9 selected locations on the campus WLAN for 6 weeks. The aggregate trace contains almost 1 billion wireless frames, representing the WLAN activity generated by 6775 users and 97 access points. Analysis of the dataset identifies similarities and differences in the user behaviours across the observed WLAN locations, as well as emerging trends in WLAN usage regarding application usage and session mobility. Our study extends existing WLAN measurement studies by providing deeper insights into how WLANs are used, and by developing models of WLAN usage characteristics that are applicable in capacity planning, network testing, and network simulation studies. } } @InProceedings{masala:retransmission, author = {Enrico Masala and Juan Carlos De Martin}, title = {Distortion-optimized retransmission for low-delay robust video communications over 802.11 intervehicle ad hoc networks}, booktitle = {VANET '07: Proceedings of the fourth ACM international workshop on Vehicular ad hoc networks}, year = {2007}, pages = {69--70}, address = {Montreal, Quebec, Canada}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, gatech_vehicular, crawdad}, doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1287748.1287760}, url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1287748.1287760}, publisher = {ACM Press}, keyword = {Multimedia, intervehicle communications, v2v, 802.11, videoconference, ARQ}, abstract = { Wireless Access in Vehicular Environment (WAVE) communications standards have recently been approved for trial use and other standards, such as 802.11p, are under active development. However, providing reliable communication services in the vehicular environment still remains a challenging task. Thus efficient solutions are needed to increase robustness and performance. This paper presents a new distortion-optimized transmission algorithm which exploits the non-uniform importance of multimedia data to optimize the transmission of video data captured by on-board cameras to another vehicle in proximity, using ad hoc 802.11 wireless technology and the H.264 video coding standard. A low delay video communication is simulated using actual intervehicle packet loss traces. The results show that the proposed system achieves higher quality video communication (up to 2 dB PSNR) compared to two reference techniques, i.e. the standard MAC-layer retransmission scheme and a delay-constrained retransmission technique. } } @Misc{mcdiarmid:nodobo, author = {Alisdair McDiarmid and Stephen Bell and James Irvine and Jamie Banford}, title = {Nodobo: Detailed Mobile Phone Usage Dataset}, howpublished= {{IET} Electronics Letters (under review)}, url = {http://nodobo.com/papers/iet-el.pdf}, keywords = {wireless, measurement, strath_nodobo}, datasets = {strath/nodobo} } @Article{mcnett:access, author = {Marvin McNett and Geoffrey M. Voelker}, title = {Access and Mobility of Wireless {PDA} Users}, keywords = {measurement, wireless}, journal = {ACM Mobile Computing and Communication Review (MC2R)}, volume = {9}, number = {2}, pages = {40--55}, month = apr, year = {2005}, url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1072989.1072995} } @TechReport{mcnett:pda, author = {Marvin McNett and Geoffrey M. Voelker}, title = {Access and Mobility of Wireless {PDA} Users}, keywords = {measurement, wireless}, number = {CS2004-0780}, month = feb, year = {2004}, institution = {Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego}, url = {http://ramp.ucsd.edu/wtd/wtd.pdf}, abstract = {In this paper, we analyze the mobility patterns of users of wireless handheld PDAs in a campus wireless network using an 11 week trace of wireless network activity. Our study has three goals. First, we characterize the high-level mobility and access patterns of handheld PDA users and compare these characteristics to previous workload mobility studies focused on laptop users. Second, we develop two wireless network topology models for use in wireless mobility studies: an evolutionary topology model based on user proximity and a campus waypoint model that serves as a trace-based complement to the random waypoint model. Finally, we use our wireless network topology models as a case study to evaluate ad-hoc routing algorithms on the network topologies created by the access and mobility patterns of users of modern wireless PDAs.} } @InProceedings{meng:flows, author = {Xiaoqiao (George) Meng and Starsky Wong and Yuan Yuan and Songwu Lu}, title = {Characterizing Flows in Large Wireless Data Networks}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Tenth Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking}, month = sep, year = {2004}, publisher = {ACM Press}, url = {http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1023720.1023738}, keyword = {mobile computing, wireless network, workload characterization, TCP, network flow}, abstract = {Several studies have recently been performed on wireless university campus networks, corporate and public networks. Yet little is known about the flow-level characterization in such networks. In this paper, we statistically characterize wireless network using a recently-collected trace. For static flows, we take a two-tier approach to characterizing the flow arrivals, which results a Weibull regression model. We further discover that the static flow arrivals in spatial proximity show strong similarity. As for roaming flows, they can also be well characterized statistically. We explain the results by user behaviors and application demands, and further crossvalidate the modeling results by three other traces. Finally, we use two examples to illustrate how to apply our models for performance evaluation in the wireless context. }, keywords = {measurement, wireless, dartmouth_campus,ibm_watson,ucsd_sigcomm2001,stanford_gates, crawdad} } @InProceedings{miluzzo:zigbee_radio, author = {Emiliano Miluzzo and Xiao Zheng and Krist\'{o}f Fodor and Andrew T. Campbell}, title = {{Radio Characterization of 802.15.4 and its Impact on the Design of Mobile Sensor Networks}}, booktitle = {Proceedings of Fifth European Conference on Wireless Sensor Networks (EWSN 2008)}, address = {Bologna, Italy}, month = jan, year = {2008}, url = {http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~miluzzo/papers/miluzzo_EWSN08.pdf} , keywords = {measurement, wireless, dartmouth_zigbee_radio, crawdad}, datasets = {dartmouth/zigbee_radio} } @Article{mishra:mac, author = {Arunesh Mishra and Minho Shin and William A. Arbaugh}, title = {An Empirical Analysis of the {IEEE} 802.11 {MAC} Layer Handoff Process}, keywords = {measurement, wireless}, journal = {ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review}, pages = {93--102}, month = apr, year = {2003}, volume = {33}, number = {2}, publisher = {ACM}, url = {http://www.cs.umd.edu/~mhshin/paper/ACMCCR-Mishra.Shin.Arbaugh.pdf} } @InProceedings{moh:healthcare, author = {Melody Moh}, title = {A Prototype on {RFID} and Sensor Networks for Elder Healthcare}, keywords = {measurement, wireless}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2005 Workshop on experimental approaches to wireless network design and analysis (E-WIND-05)}, month = aug, year = {2005}, address = {Philadelphia, PA}, url = {http://www.acm.org/sigs/sigcomm/sigcomm2005/paper-Moh.pdf} } @Article{musolesi:car, author = {Mirco Musolesi and Cecilia Mascolo}, title = {{CAR: Context-aware Adaptive Routing for Delay Tolerant Mobile Networks}}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing}, year = {2008}, issn = {1536-1233}, publisher = {IEEE Computer Society}, address = {Los Alamitos, CA, USA}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, dartmouth_campus, cambridge_haggle, crawdad} } @InProceedings{musolesi:mobility, author = {Mirco Musolesi and Cecilia Mascolo}, title = {A Community Based Mobility Model for Ad Hoc Network Research}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Multi-hop Ad Hoc Networks: from Theory to Reality (REALMAN 2006)}, month = may, year = {2006}, address = {Florence, Italy}, url = {http://www.cs.ucl.ac.uk/staff/M.Musolesi/papers/realman06.pdf} , abstract = {Validation of mobile ad hoc network protocols relies almost exclusively on simulation. The value of the validation is, therefore, highly dependent on how realistic the movement models used in the simulations are. Since there is a very limited number of available real traces in the public domain, synthetic models for movement pattern generation must be used. However, most widely used models are currently very simplistic, their focus being ease of implementation rather than soundness of foundation. As a consequence, simulation results of protocols are often based on randomly generated movement patterns and, therefore, may differ considerably from those that can be obtained by deploying the system in real scenarios. Movement is strongly affected by the needs of humans to socialise or cooperate, in one form or another. Fortunately, humans are known to associate in particular ways that can be mathematically modelled and that have been studied in social sciences for years. In this paper we propose a new mobility model founded on social network theory. The model allows collections of hosts to be grouped together in a way that is based on social relationships among the individuals. This grouping is then mapped to a topographical space, with movements influenced by the strength of social ties that may also change in time. We have validated our model with real traces by showing that the synthetic mobility traces are a very good approximation of human movement patterns.}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, cambridge_haggle,dartmouth_campus, crawdad} } @InProceedings{musolesi:supporting, author = {Mirco Musolesi and Mattia Piraccini and Kristof Fodor and Antonio Corradi and Andrew T. Campbell}, title = {Supporting Energy-Efficient Uploading Strategies for Continuous Sensing Applications on Mobile Phones}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Pervasive Computing (Pervasive 2010)}, pages = {355--372}, year = {2010}, editor = {P. Flor\'een and A. Kr\"uger and M. Spasojevic}, volume = {6030}, series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, address = {Germany}, month = may, publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, copyright = {Springer-Verlag}, url = {http://www.cs.st-andrews.ac.uk/~mirco/papers/Pervasive10.pdf} , abstract = {Continuous sensing applications (e.g., mobile social networking applications) are appearing on new sensor-enabled mobile phones such as the Apple iPhone, Nokia and Android phones. These applications present significant challenges to the phone's operations given the phone's limited computational and energy resources and the need for applications to share real-time continuous sensed data with back-end servers. System designers have to deal with a trade-off between data accuracy (i.e., application fidelity) and energy constraints in the design of uploading strategies between phones and back-end servers. In this paper, we present the design, implementation and evaluation of several techniques to optimize the information uploading process for continuous sensing on mobile phones. We analyze the cases of continuous and intermittent connectivity imposed by low-duty cycle design considerations or poor wireless network coverage in order to drive down energy consumption and extend the lifetime of the phone. We also show how location prediction can be integrated into this forecasting framework. We present the implementation and the experimental evaluation of these uploading techniques based on measurements from the deployment of a continuous sensing application on 20 Nokia N95 phones used by 20 people for a period of 2 weeks. Our results show that we can make significant energy savings while limiting the impact on the application fidelity, making continuous sensing a viable application for mobile phones. For example, we show that it is possible to achieve an accuracy of 80\% with respect to ground-truth data while saving 60\% of the traffic sent over-the-air.}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, dartmouth_cenceme, crawdad}, datasets = {dartmouth/cenceme} } @InProceedings{naik:bonsai, author = {Vinayak Naik and Emre Ertin and Hongwei Zhang and Anish Arora}, title = {Wireless Testbed {Bonsai}}, keywords = {measurement, wireless}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Wireless Network Measurements (WiNMee 2006)}, address = {Boston, MA, USA}, month = apr, year = {2006}, url = {http://www.winmee.org/papers/01-01.pdf} } @InProceedings{nasipuri:angle, author = {Asis Nasipuri and Ribal Najjar}, title = {Experimental Evaluation of an Angle Based Indoor Localization System}, keywords = {measurement, wireless}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Wireless Network Measurements (WiNMee 2006)}, address = {Boston, MA, USA}, month = apr, year = {2006}, url = {http://www.winmee.org/papers/03-05.pdf} } @InProceedings{natarajan:bluetooth, author = {Anirudh Natarajan and Mehul Motani and Vikram Srinivasan}, title = {Understanding Urban Interactions from Bluetooth Phone Contact Traces}, booktitle = {{PAM} 2007, 8th {P}assive and {A}ctive {M}easurement conference}, year = {2007}, month = apr, pages = {115--124}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71617-4_12}, address = {Louvain-la-neuve, Belgium}, abstract = { The increasing sophistication of mobile devices has enabled several mobile social software applications, which are based on opportunistic exchange of data amongst devices in proximity of each other. Examples include Delay Tolerant Networking (DTN) and PeopleNet. In this context, understanding user interactions is essential to designing algorithms which are efficient and enhance the user experience. In our experiment, users were handed Bluetooth enabled phones and asked to carry them all the time to log information about other devices in their proximity. Data was logged over several months, with over 350,000 contacts logged and over 10,000 unique devices discovered in this period.1 This paper analyzes this data by charactering the distributions of metrics such as contact time and inter-pair-contact time, and introducing several other important metrics useful for understanding user interactions. We find that most metrics follow a power law, except for inter-pair-contact time. We also look for patterns in user interactions, with the hope that these can be exploited for better algorithm design. }, keywords = {measurement, wireless, nus_bluetooth, crawdad}, datasets = {nus/bluetooth} } @InProceedings{navda:mobisteer, author = {Vishnu Navda and Anand P. Subramanian and Kannan Dhanasekaran and Andreas Timm-Giel and Samir R. Das}, title = {{MobiSteer: Using Steerable Beam Directional Antenna for Vehicular Network Access}}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services (MobiSys)}, month = jun, year = {2007}, address = {San Juan, Puerto Rico}, publisher = {USENIX Association}, url = {http://www.wings.cs.sunysb.edu/pubs/mobisteer.pdf}, keyword = {Steerable Beam, Phased-array Antenna, Vehicular Internet Access, Fast Handoff}, abstract = {In this work, we investigate the use of directional antennas and beam steering techniques to improve performance of 802.11 links in the context of communication between a moving vehicle and roadside APs. To this end, we develop a framework called MobiSteer that provides practical approaches to perform beam steering. MobiSteer can operate in two modes - cached mode - where it uses prior radio survey data collected during \idle" drives, and online mode, where it uses probing. The goal is to select the best AP and beam combination at each point along the drive given the available information, so that the throughput can be maximized. For the cached mode, an optimal algorithm for AP and beam selection is developed that factors in all overheads. We provide extensive experimental results using a commercially available eight element phased-array antenna. In the experiments, we use controlled scenarios with our own APs, in two di erent multipath environments, as well as in situ scenarios, where we use APs already deployed in an urban region -- to demonstrate the performance advantage of using MobiSteer over using an equivalent omni-directional antenna. We show that MobiSteer improves the connectivity duration as well as PHY-layer data rate due to better SNR provisioning. In particular, MobiSteer improves the throughput in the controlled experiments by a factor of 2 - 4. In in situ experiments, it improves the connectivity duration by more than a factor of 2 and average SNR by about 15 dB. }, keywords = {measurement, wireless, sunysb_mobisteer, crawdad}, datasets = {sunysb/mobisteer} } @Article{newport:axioms, author = {Calvin Newport and David Kotz and Yougu Yuan and Robert~S. Gray and Jason Liu and Chip Elliott}, title = {Experimental Evaluation of Wireless Simulation Assumptions}, journal = {SIMULATION: Transactions of The Society for Modeling and Simulation International}, year = {2007}, month = sep, volume = {83}, number = {9}, pages = {643--661}, publisher = {SAGE Publications}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0037549707085632}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, dartmouth_outdoor, crawdad}, datasets = {dartmouth/outdoor}, abstract = {All analytical and simulation research on ad hoc wireless networks must necessarily model radio propagation using simplifying assumptions. A growing body of research, however, indicates that the behavior of the protocol stack may depend significantly on these underlying assumptions. The standard response to this problem is a call for more realism in designing radio models. But how much realism is enough? This study is the first to approach this question by validating simulator performance (both at the physical and application layers) with the results of real-world data. Referencing an eXtensive set of measurements from a large outdoor routing eXperiment, we start by evaluating the relative realism of common assumptions made in radio model design, identifying those which provide a reasonable approXimation of reality. Although several such investigations have been made for static sensor networks, radio behavior in mobile network deployments is a much less-studied topic. We then reproduce our eXperimental setup in our simulator, and generate the same application-layer metrics under progressively smaller sets of these assumptions. By comparing the simulated outcome to the outcome of our eXperiment, we are able to discern at what point our balance of simplification and realism captures the real behavior of our target environment.} } @InProceedings{ng:evaluation, author = {Anthony C. H. Ng and David Malone and Douglas Leith}, title = {Experimental Evaluation of {TCP} Performance and Fairness in an 802.11e Test-bed}, keywords = {measurement, wireless}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2005 Workshop on experimental approaches to wireless network design and analysis (E-WIND-05)}, month = aug, year = {2005}, address = {Philadelphia, PA}, url = {http://www.acm.org/sigs/sigcomm/sigcomm2005/paper-NgMal.pdf} } @InProceedings{nicholson:access-point, author = {Anthony J. Nicholson and Yatin Chawathe and Mike Y. Chen and Brian D. Noble and David Wetherall}, title = {Improved access point selection}, booktitle = {MobiSys 2006: Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Mobile systems, applications and services}, year = {2006}, pages = {233--245}, location = {Uppsala, Sweden}, url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1134680.1134705}, doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1134680.1134705}, publisher = {ACM Press}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, umich_virgil, crawdad}, datasets = {umich/virgil} } @Article{noda:quantifying, author = {Noda, Claro and Prabh, Shashi and Alves, M\'{a}rio and Boano, Carlo Alberto and Voigt, Thiemo}, title = {Quantifying the channel quality for interference-aware wireless sensor networks}, journal = {SIGBED Rev.}, volume = {8}, number = {4}, month = dec, year = {2011}, pages = {43--48}, url = {http://sigbed.seas.upenn.edu/archives/2011-12/Paper_5.pdf}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, keywords = {ISM bands, channel quality, dynamic resource adaptation, interference, wireless sensor networks, wireless, measurement, cister_rssi}, datasets = {cister/rssi} } @InProceedings{pan:faultyap, author = {H.J. Pan and S. Keshav}, title = {Detection and Repair of Faulty Access Points}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC 2006)}, month = apr, year = {2006}, address = {Las Vegas, NV, USA}, url = {http://blizzard.cs.uwaterloo.ca/keshav/home/Papers/data/05/faults.pdf} , abstract = { In large-scale infrastructure wireless networks several access points (APs) may be unusable at any given moment in time. Unlike completely failed APs, whose failure can be detected by probes to their wired interface, an AP with a faulty wireless interface or whose antenna has been accidentally shielded can only be diagnosed by the actual use of the wireless interface for data communication. We present several algorithms that detect such failed access points by online analysis of AP usage logs. In particular, we demonstrate that we can exploit device mobility to detect faulty APs. We also present efficient heuristics to select a path for a technician to repair failed access points. We evaluate our algorithms using actual log files from an infrastructure network at Dartmouth College. We find that our best algorithm is able to detect nearly 90% of failed access points simply by processing log files. Compared to a naive approach, our algorithm has more than six times fewer false positives. We are also able to construct tours that are up to an order of magnitude more effective that a straightforward greedy approach. Our algorithms require no modifications to either APs or devices. We believe that these properties make our work immediately applicable to real-world scenarios.}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, dartmouth_campus} } @InProceedings{pang:fingerprinting, author = {Jeffrey Pang and Ben Greenstein and Ramakrishna Gummadi and Srinivasan Seshan and David Wetherall}, title = {802.11 user fingerprinting}, booktitle = {MobiCom '07: Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM international conference on Mobile computing and networking}, year = {2007}, pages = {99--110}, address = {Montreal, Quebec, Canada}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, uw_sigcomm2004, tools_process_pcap_Wifipcap, crawdad}, doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1287853.1287866}, url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1287853.1287866}, publisher = {ACM Press}, abstract = { The ubiquity of 802.11 devices and networks enables anyone to track our every move with alarming ease. Each 802.11 device transmits a globally unique and persistent MAC address and thus is trivially identifiable. In response, recent research has proposed replacing such identifiers with pseudonyms (i.e., temporary, unlinkable names). In this paper, we demonstrate that pseudonyms are insufficient to prevent tracking of 802.11 devices because implicit identifiers, or identifying characteristics of 802.11 traffic, can identify many users with high accuracy. For example, even without unique names and addresses, we estimate that an adversary can identify 64% of users with 90% accuracy when they spend a day at a busy hot spot. We present an automated procedure based on four previously unrecognized implicit identifiers that can identify users in three real 802.11 traces even when pseudonyms and encryption are employed. We find that the majority of users can be identified using our techniques, but our ability to identify users is not uniform; some users are not easily identifiable. Nonetheless, we show that even a single implicit identifier is sufficient to distinguish many users. Therefore, we argue that design considerations beyond eliminating explicit identifiers (i.e., unique names and addresses), must be addressed in order to prevent user tracking in wireless networks. }, datasets = {tools/process/pcap/Wifipcap} } @InProceedings{pang:wifi-reports, author = {Jeffrey Pang and Ben Greenstein and Michael Kaminsky and Damon McCoy and Srinivasan Seshan}, title = {{Wifi-Reports: Improving Wireless Network Selection with Collaboration}}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, cmu_hotspot, tools_collect_802.11_Wifi-Scanner, crawdad}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services (MobiSys)}, month = jun, year = {2009}, address = {Krakow, Poland}, publisher = {USENIX Association}, url = {http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~jeffpang/papers/mobisys09-wifireports.pdf} , abstract = {Wi-Fi clients can obtain much better performance at some commercial hotspots than at others. Unfortunately, there is currently no way for users to determine which hotspot access points (APs) will be sufficient to run their applications be- fore purchasing access. To address this problem, this paper presents Wifi-Reports, a collaborative service that provides Wi-Fi clients with historical information about AP perfor- mance and application support. The key research chal- lenge in Wifi-Reports is to obtain accurate user-submitted reports. This is challenging because two conflicting goals must be addressed in a practical system: preserving the pri- vacy of users' reports and limiting fraudulent reports. We introduce a practical cryptographic protocol that achieves both goals, and we address the important engineering chal- lenges in building Wifi-Reports. Using a measurement study of commercial APs in Seattle, we show that Wifi-Reports would improve performance over previous AP selection ap- proaches in 30\%-60\% of locations. }, datasets = {cmu/hotspot, tools/collect/802.11/Wifi-Scanner} } @InProceedings{papadogkonas:ubiquitous, author = {D. Papadogkonas and G. Roussos and M. Levene}, title = {A Navigation Engine for Ubiquitous Computing Environments}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 4th Uk Ubinet Workshop}, month = jul, year = {2006}, address = {London, UK}, url = {http://www.dcs.bbk.ac.uk/~dikaios/Publications/UK-UbiNet2006/UK-UbiNet2006.pdf} , abstract = { Ubiquitous computing linked physical and virtual spaces, so new tools are required to assist navigation in such environments. We propose a navigation engine for identifying navigation patterns from prerecorded user trails, provide information about the usage of the environment and assist navigation in unfamiliar environments by providing best available trails.}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, dartmouth_campus, crawdad} } @InProceedings{papadopouli:characterizing, author = {Maria Papadopouli and Haipeng Shen and Manolis Spanakis}, title = {Characterizing the duration and association patterns of wireless access in a campus}, keywords = {measurement, wireless}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 11th European Wireless Conference}, month = apr, year = {2005}, address = {Nicosia, Cyprus}, url = {http://www.cs.unc.edu/~maria/eu05.pdf}, keyword = {mobile computing, wireless network, workload characterization, association modeling}, abstract = {Our goal is to characterize the access patterns in a IEEE802.11 infrastructure. This can be beneficial in many domains, including coverage planning, resource reservation, supporting location-dependent applications and applications with real-time constraints, and producing models for simulations. We conducted an extensive measurement study of wireless users and their association patterns on a major university campus using the IEEE802.11 wireless infrastructure. We characterized and analyzed the wireless access pattern based on several parameters such as mobility, session and visit durations. We show that the mobility and building type affect the session and visit durations. As the mobility increases, the visit duration tends to decrease stochastically. The opposite happens in the case of the session duration. Moreover, there exist different stochastic orders among visit durations of different building types when conditioning on session mobility. A family of BiPareto distributions can model the visit and session duration.} } @InProceedings{papadopouli:modeling, author = {Maria Papadopouli and Haipeng Shen and Manolis Spanakis}, title = {Modeling client arrivals at access points in wireless campus-wide networks}, keywords = {measurement, wireless}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 14th IEEE Workshop on Local and Metropolitan Area Networks}, month = sep, year = {2005}, address = {Crete, Greece}, url = {http://www.cs.unc.edu/~maria/lanman05-A.pdf} } @InProceedings{papadopouli:short, author = {Maria Papadopouli and Haipeng Shen and Elias Raftopoulos and Manolis Ploumidis and Felix Hernandez-Campos}, title = {Short-term traffic forecasting in a campus-wide wireless network}, keywords = {measurement, wireless}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 16th Annual IEEE International Symposium on Personal Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications}, month = sep, year = {2005}, address = {Berlin, Germany}, url = {http://www.cs.unc.edu/~maria/pimrc05-A.pdf} } @InProceedings{papagiannaki:home, author = {Konstantina Papagiannaki and Mark Yarvis and W. Steven Conner}, title = {Experimental Characterization of Home Wireless Networks and Design Implications}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 25th IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM)}, month = apr, year = {2006}, address = {Barcelona, Spain}, url = {http://www.cambridge.intel-research.net/~kpapagia/papers/homenet.pdf} , abstract = { Anecdotal evidence suggests that home wireless networks may be unpredictable despite their limited size. In this work, we deploy six-node wireless testbeds in three houses in the United States and the United Kingdom.We examine the quality of links in home wireless networks and the effect of (i) transmission rate, (ii) transmission power, (iii) node location, (iv) type of house, and (v) 802.11 technology. We provide empirical evidence suggesting that homes are challenging environments for wireless communication.Wireless links in the home are highly asymmetric and heavily influenced by precise node location, transmission power, and encoding rate, rather than physical distance between nodes. In our measurements, many links were unable to utilize the maximum transmission rate of the deployed 802.11 technology, and a few provided no connectivity at all. These results suggest that creating an AP-based topology with maximum coverage and throughput in this environment is challenging. Our findings have implications on the design of future home wireless networks and requirements for future wifi-enabled consumer electronic devices. We show that coverage and performance can be improved using a multi-hop topology, implying that mesh capabilities may actually be needed in consumer electronics for seamless connectivity across the home. }, keywords = {measurement, wireless, intel_home, crawdad}, datasets = {intel/home} } @InProceedings{parris:facebook, author = {Parris, Iain and Ben Abdesslem, Fehmi and Henderson, Tristan}, title = {{Facebook} or {Fakebook?}: The effect of simulation on location privacy user studies}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Privacy and Usability Methods Pow-Wow (PUMP)}, citeulike-article-id={7694010}, citeulike-linkout-0={http://scone.cs.st-andrews.ac.uk/pump2010/papers/parris.pdf} , location = {Dundee, UK}, month = sep, posted-at = {2010-08-24 11:33:34}, priority = {0}, publisher = {British Computer Society}, url = {http://scone.cs.st-andrews.ac.uk/pump2010/papers/parris.pdf} , year = {2010}, keywords = {wireless, measurement, st_andrews_locshare}, datasets = {st_andrews/locshare} } @Misc{patwari:relative, author = {N. Patwari and A. O. Hero and M. Perkins and N. S. Correal and R. J. O'Dea}, title = {Relative location estimation in wireless sensor networks}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing}, volume = {51}, number = {8}, month = aug, year = {2007}, pages = {2137--2148}, publisher = {IEEE Computer Society}, url = {http://www.ece.utah.edu/~npatwari/pubs/patwari03-print.pdf}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, utah_CIR, crawdad}, datasets = {utah/CIR} } @InProceedings{patwari:signatures, author = {Neal Patwari and Sneha K. Kasera}, title = {Robust location distinction using temporal link signatures}, booktitle = {MobiCom '07: Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM international conference on Mobile computing and networking}, year = {2007}, pages = {111--122}, address = {Montreal, Quebec, Canada}, doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1287853.1287867}, url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1287853.1287867}, publisher = {ACM Press}, abstract = { The ability of a receiver to determine when a transmitter has changed location is important for energy conservation in wireless sensor networks, for physical security of radio- tagged objects, and for wireless network security in detec- tion of replication attacks. In this paper, we propose us- ing a measured temporal link signature to uniquely identify the link between a transmitter and a receiver. When the transmitter changes location, or if an attacker at a di®erent location assumes the identity of the transmitter, the pro- posed link distinction algorithm reliably detects the change in the physical channel. This detection can be performed at a single receiver or collaboratively by multiple receivers. We record over 9,000 link signatures at di®erent locations and over time to demonstrate that our method signi¯cantly increases the detection rate and reduces the false alarm rate, in comparison to existing methods. }, keywords = {measurement, wireless, utah_CIR, crawdad}, datasets = {utah/CIR} } @InProceedings{peddemors:density-estimation, author = {A. Peddemors and H. Eertink and I. Niemegeers}, title = {Density Estimation for Out-of-Range Events on Personal Mobile Devices}, booktitle = {the 1st ACM SIGMOBILE International Workshop on Mobility Models for Networking Research (MobilityModels'08)}, year = {2008}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, novay_cosphere, crawdad}, datasets = {novay/cosphere} } @InProceedings{pellegrini:disconnected, author = {F. De Pellegrini and D. Miorandi and I. Carreras and I. Chlamtac}, title = {A Graph-Based Model for Disconnected Ad Hoc Networks}, keywords = {measurement, wireless}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 26th Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (INFOCOM)}, month = mar, year = {2007}, address = {Anchorage, Alaska}, publisher = {IEEE} } @InProceedings{phillips:robust, author = {Caleb Phillips and Russell Senior and Douglas Sicker and Dirk Grunwald}, title = {Robust Coverage and Performance Testing for Large-Area Wireless Networks}, booktitle = {AccessNets}, pages = {457--469}, year = {2009}, editor = {Wang, Chonggang and Akan, Ozgur and Bellavista, Paolo and Cao, Jiannong and Dressler, Falko and Ferrari, Domenico and Gerla, Mario and Kobayashi, Hisashi and Palazzo, Sergio and Sahni, Sartaj and Shen, Xuemin (Sherman) and Stan, Mircea and Xiaohua, Jia and Zomaya, Albert and Coulson, Geoffrey}, volume = {6}, series = {Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering}, address = {Germany}, url = {http://www.unwirepdx-watch.org/files/accessnets08.pdf}, publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, keywords = {wireless, measurement, pdx_metrofi}, datasets = {pdx/metrofi} } @InProceedings{phillips:wlan, author = {Caleb Phillips and Suresh Singh}, title = {{Analysis of WLAN traffic in the wild}}, booktitle = {Proceedings of IFIP-Networking 2007}, month = may, year = {2007}, url = {http://www.cs.pdx.edu/~singh/ftp/networking07.pdf}, address = {Atlanta, Georgia}, keyword = {measurement,WLAN,passive monitoring,traffic modeling}, abstract = { In this paper, we analyze traffic seen at public WLANs "in the wild" where we do not have access to any of the backend infrastructure. We study six such traces collected around Portland, Oregon and conduct an analysis of fine time scale (second or fraction of a second) packet, flow, and error characteristics of these networks. }, keywords = {measurement, wireless, pdx_vwave, crawdad}, datasets = {pdx/vwave} } @InProceedings{pietilainen:mobiclique, author = {A-K Pietilainen and E. Oliver and J. LeBrun and G. Varghese and C. Diot}, title = {{MobiClique}: Middleware for Mobile Social Networking}, booktitle = {WOSN'09: Proceedings of ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Online Social Networks}, year = {2009}, month = {August}, datasets = {thlab/sigcomm2009} } @InProceedings{pietilainen:temporal, author = {A-K Pietilainen and C. Diot}, title = {Dissemination in Opportunistic Social Networks: The Role of Temporal Communities}, booktitle = {MobiHoc'12: Proceedings of the 13th International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing}, year = {2012}, month = {June}, datasets = {thlab/sigcomm2009} } @InProceedings{piorkowski:mobile-network-model, author = {Michal Piorkowski and Natasa Sarafijanovoc-Djukic and Matthias Grossglauser}, title = {A Parsimonious Model of Mobile Partitioned Networks with Clustering}, booktitle = {The First International Conference on COMmunication Systems and NETworkS (COMSNETS)}, address = {Bangalore, India}, location = {Bangalore, India}, year = {2009}, month = jan, url = {http://icapeople.epfl.ch/grossglauser/Papers/comsnets09.pdf} , keywords = {measurement, wireless, epfl_mobility, crawdad}, datasets = {epfl/mobility} } @InProceedings{pitkanen:redundancy, author = {Mikko Pitkanen and Joerg Ott}, title = {Redundancy and Distributed Caching in Mobile {DTNs}}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM MobiArch Workshop}, month = aug, year = {2007}, address = {Kyoto, Japan}, url = {http://www.sigcomm.org/sigcomm2007/mobiarch/Pitkanen_CachingDTN.pdf} , keywords = {measurement, wireless, mit_reality, crawdad} } @InProceedings{policroniades:human-networks, author = {Calicrates Policroniades and Pablo Vidales and Martin Roth and Daniel Kreienb\"{u}hl}, title = {Data management in human networks}, keywords = {challenged networks, data management}, booktitle = {CHANTS '07: Proceedings of the second workshop on Challenged networks CHANTS}, year = {2007}, pages = {83--90}, address = {Montreal, Quebec, Canada}, doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1287791.1287807}, url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1287791.1287807}, publisher = {ACM Press}, abstract = { In this paper we study the use of a semantically rich storage model to fulfill the data transmission requirements of challenged networking environments, which are characterised by long delays and frequent communication disruptions. Practical experience shows us that the highly successful data abstractions of mainstream storage systems (e.g. monolithic file representation) operate poorly in emergent networking environments such as Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs); short contact times do not allow for complete file or bundle transmissions. We have ported and integrated two systems in order to provide a solution that overcomes many of the data transmission challenges of DTNs: a semantically rich storage system (Datom) and a network framework capable of exploiting this augmented expressive power (Haggle). Our solution, Bedouin, enables both systems to run on resource-constrained devices. It facilitates meaningful data exchanges in challenged networks supporting the principle of infrastructure-independent networking, and exploiting human mobility and opportunistic connectivity. The design and function of a proof-of-concept Bedouin-based peer-topeer file sharing application for human networks, called Caravan, is included. Experimental results demonstrate that our solution enables applications to work correctly in spite of intermittent data exchanges and disruptions while maximising the amount of useful data delivered to applications. } } @InProceedings{portoles-comeras:multi, author = {Marc Portoles-Comeras and Josep Mangues-Bafalluy and Manuel Requena-Esteso}, title = {Multi-Radio Based Active and Passive Wireless Network Measurements}, keywords = {measurement, wireless}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Wireless Network Measurements (WiNMee 2006)}, address = {Boston, MA, USA}, month = apr, year = {2006}, url = {http://www.winmee.org/papers/01-03.doc} } @InProceedings{rahmati:context, author = {Ahmad Rahmati and Lin Zhong}, title = {{Context for Wireless: Context-sensitive energy-efficient wireless data transfer}}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services (MobiSys)}, month = jun, year = {2007}, url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1247660.1247681}, address = {San Juan, Puerto Rico}, publisher = {USENIX Association}, keyword = {Energy-efficient wireless, multiple wireless interfaces, contextfor-wireless}, abstract = { Ubiquitous connectivity on mobile devices will enable numerous new applications in healthcare and multimedia. We set out to check how close we are towards ubiquitous connectivity in our daily life. The findings from our recent field-collected data from an urban university population show that while network availability is decent, the energy cost of network interfaces poses a great challenge. Based on our findings, we propose to leverage the complementary strength of Wi-Fi and cellular networks by choosing wireless interfaces for data transfers based on network condition estimation. We show that an ideal selection policy can more than double the battery lifetime of a commercial mobile phone, and the improvement varies with data transfer patterns and Wi-Fi availability. We formulate the selection of wireless interfaces as a statistical decision problem. The key to attaining the potential battery improvement is to accurately estimate Wi-Fi network conditions without powering up its network interface. We explore the use of different context information, including time, history, cellular network conditions, and device motion, for this purpose. We consequently devise algorithms that can effectively learn from context information and estimate the probability distribution of Wi-Fi network conditions. Simulations based on field-collected traces show that our algorithms can improve the average battery lifetime of a commercial mobile phone for a three-channel electrocardiogram (ECG) reporting application by 39%, very close to the theoretical upper bound of 42%. Finally, our field validation of our most simple algorithm demonstrates a 35% improvement in battery lifetime. }, keywords = {measurement, wireless, rice_context, crawdad}, datasets = {rice/context} } @InProceedings{ramachandran:framework, author = {Krishna Ramachandran and Kevin Almeroth and Elizabeth Belding-Royer}, title = {A Novel Framework for the Management of Large-scale Wireless Network Testbeds}, keywords = {measurement, wireless}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the First Workshop on Wireless Network Measurements (WiNMee 2005)}, month = apr, year = {2005}, address = {Trentino, Italy}, url = {http://www.winmee.org/2005/papers/WiNMee_Ramachandran.pdf} } @InProceedings{ramachandran:mesh, author = {Krishna Ramachandran and Irfan Sheriff and Elizabeth Belding and Kevin Almeroth}, title = {Routing Stability in Static Wireless Mesh Networks}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the eighth Passive and Active Measurement conference}, month = apr, year = {2007}, address = {Louvain-la-neuve, Belgium}, url = {http://moment.cs.ucsb.edu/meshnet/datasets/pam.pdf}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, ucsb_meshnet, crawdad}, datasets = {ucsb/meshnet} } @InProceedings{ramachandran:spatial, author = {Kishore Ramachandran and Sanjit Kaul and Suhas Mathur and Marco Gruteser and Ivan Seskar}, title = {Towards {Large-Scale} Mobile Network Emulation Through Spatial Switching on a Wireless Grid}, keywords = {measurement, wireless}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2005 Workshop on experimental approaches to wireless network design and analysis (E-WIND-05)}, month = aug, year = {2005}, address = {Philadelphia, PA}, url = {http://www.acm.org/sigs/sigcomm/sigcomm2005/paper-RamKau.pdf} } @InProceedings{rayanchu:airshark, author = {Shravan Rayanchu and Ashish Patro and Suman Banerjee}, title = {Airshark: Detecting {Non-WiFi RF} Devices using Commodity {WiFi} Hardware}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2011 Internet Measurement Conference}, year = {2011}, address = {Berlin, Germany}, url = {http://mobilityfirst.winlab.rutgers.edu/documents/Airshark.pdf} , publisher = {ACM}, keywords = {wireless, measurement, wisc_airshark}, datasets = {wisc/airshark} } @InProceedings{rhee:levy-walk, author = {Injong Rhee and Minsu Shin and Seongik Hong and Kyunghan Lee and Song Chong}, title = {On the Levy-walk Nature of Human Mobility}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, ncsu_mobilitymodels, crawdad}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 27th Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (INFOCOM)}, month = apr, year = {2008}, address = {Arizona, USA}, publisher = {IEEE}, url = {http://netsrv.csc.ncsu.edu/export/infocom2008_mobility_final.pdf} , datasets = {ncsu/mobilitymodels} } @InProceedings{robinson:experimenting, author = {Joshua Robinson and Konstantina Papagiannaki and Christophe Diot and Xingang Guo and Lakshman Krishnamurthy}, title = {Experimenting with a Multi-Radio Mesh Networking Testbed}, keywords = {measurement, wireless}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the First Workshop on Wireless Network Measurements (WiNMee 2005)}, month = apr, year = {2005}, address = {Trentino, Italy}, url = {http://www.winmee.org/2005/papers/WiNMee_Robinson.pdf} } @InProceedings{rodrig:hotspot, author = {Maya Rodrig and Charles Reis and Ratul Mahajan and David Wetherall and John Zahorian}, title = {Measurement-based Characterization of 802.11 in a Hotspot Setting}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2005 Workshop on experimental approaches to wireless network design and analysis (E-WIND-05)}, month = aug, year = {2005}, address = {Philadelphia, PA}, url = {http://www.acm.org/sigs/sigcomm/sigcomm2005/paper-RodRei.pdf} , keywords = {measurement, wireless, uw/sigcomm2004, crawdad}, datasets = {uw/sigcomm2004} } @InProceedings{roth:topologies, author = {Martin Roth and Pablo Vidales}, title = {Defining and Exploiting Network Topologies in Human Networks}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, crawdad}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on a World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks (WoWMoM)}, month = jun, year = {2007}, address = {Espoo, Finland}, pages = {1--6} } @InProceedings{sani:directional, author = {Amiri Sani, Ardalan and Zhong, Lin and Sabharwal, Ashutosh}, title = {Directional antenna diversity for mobile devices: characterizations and solutions}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 16th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking}, series = {MobiCom '10}, year = {2010}, location = {Chicago, Illinois, USA}, pages = {221--232}, numpages = {12}, url = {http://www.owlnet.rice.edu/~aa15/papers/MOBICOM10.pdf}, doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1859995.1860021}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, rice_midas, crawdad}, datasets = {rice/midas} } @InProceedings{sarat:malware, author = {Sandeep Sarat and Andreas Terzis}, title = {On Using Mobility to Propagate Malware}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 5th Intl. Symposium on Modeling and Optimization in Mobile, Ad Hoc, and Wireless Networks (WiOpt 2007)}, month = apr, year = {2007}, address = {Limassol, Cyprus}, url = {http://www.cs.jhu.edu/~sarat/WiOPT07.pdf}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, dartmouth_campus, crawdad} } @InProceedings{savic:packaging, author = {Dragan Savi{\'c} and Matev{\v z} Pusti{\v s}ek and Francesco Potort{\`i}}, title = {A tool for packaging and exchanging simulation results}, keywords = {measurement, wireless}, booktitle = {valuetools '06: Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Performance evaluation methodolgies and tools}, year = {2006}, pages = {60}, location = {Pisa, Italy}, url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1190095.1190172}, doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1190095.1190172}, publisher = {ACM Press}, address = {New York, NY, USA} } @Article{scheuerman:synchronization, author = {Björn Scheuermann and Wolfgang Kiess and Magnus Roos and Florian Jarre and Martin Mauve}, title = {{On the Time Synchronization of Distributed Log Files in Networks with Local Broadcast Media}}, year = {2008}, journal = {IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking}, publisher = {IEEE/ACM}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, tools_process_pcap_pcapsync, crawdad}, datasets = {tools/process/pcap/pcapsync} } @InProceedings{schulman:fidelity, author = {Aaron Schulman and Dave Levin and Neil Spring}, title = {On the Fidelity of 802.11 Packet Traces}, booktitle = {{PAM} 2008, 9th {P}assive and {A}ctive {M}easurement conference}, year = {2008}, month = apr, pages = {132--141}, url = {http://www.cs.umd.edu/projects/wifidelity/papers/pam08-fidelity.pdf} , address = {Cleveland, Ohio}, abstract = { Packet traces from 802.11 wireless networks are incomplete both fundamentally, because antennas do not pick up every transmission, and practically, because the hardware and software of collection may be under provisioned. One strategy toward improving the completeness of a trace of wireless network traffic is to deploy several monitors; these are likely to capture (and miss) different packets. Merging these traces into a single, coherent view requires inferring access point (AP) and client behavior; these inferences introduce errors. In this paper, we present methods to evaluate the fidelity of merged and independent wireless network traces. We show that wireless traces contain sufficient information to measure their completeness and clock accuracy. Specifically, packet sequence numbers indicate when packets have been dropped, and AP beacon intervals help determine the accuracy of packet timestamps. We also show that trace completeness and clock accuracy can vary based on load. We apply these metrics to evaluate fidelity in two ways: (1) to visualize the completeness of different 802.11 traces, which we show with several traces available on CRAWDAD and (2) to estimate the uncertainty in the time measurements made by the individual monitors. }, keywords = {measurement, wireless, tools_analyze_pcap_wifidelity, crawdad}, datasets = {tools/analyze/pcap/wifidelity} } @InProceedings{schwab:wireless, author = {David Schwab and Rick Bunt}, title = {Characterising the Use of a Campus Wireless Network}, keywords = {measurement, wireless}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (INFOCOM)}, pages = {862--870}, month = mar, year = {2004}, address = {Hong Kong, China}, publisher = {IEEE}, url = {http://www.ieee-infocom.org/2004/Papers/18_1.PDF} } @InProceedings{sen:can, author = {Sen, Sayandeep and Yoon, Jongwon and Hare, Joshua and Ormont, Justin and Banerjee, Suman}, title = {Can they hear me now?: a case for a client-assisted approach to monitoring wide-area wireless networks}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2011 ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement conference}, series = {IMC '11}, year = {2011}, location = {Berlin, Germany}, pages = {99--116}, url = {http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~suman/pubs/wiscape.pdf}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, keywords = {wireless, measurement, wisc_wiscape}, datasets = {wisc/wiscape} } @InProceedings{slagell:flaim, author = {Adam Slagell and Kiran Lakkaraju and Katherine Luo}, title = {{FLAIM: A Multi-level Anonymization Framework for Computer and Network Logs}}, booktitle = {Proceeding of the 20th USENIX Large Installation System Administration Conference (LISA '06)}, month = dec, year = {2006}, address = {Washington, D.C.}, url = {http://laim.ncsa.uiuc.edu/downloads/slagell06.pdf}, keyword = {Anonymization}, abstract = { FLAIM (Framework for Log Anonymization and Information Management) addresses two important needs not well addressed by current log anonymizers. First, it is extremely modular and not tied to the specific log being anonymized. Second, it supports multi-level anonymization, allowing system administrators to make fine-grained trade-offs between information loss and privacy/security concerns. In this paper, we examine anonymization solutions to date and note the above limitations in each. We further describe how FLAIM addresses these problems, and we describe FLAIM's architecture and features in detail. }, keywords = {measurement, wireless, tools_sanitize_generic_FLAIM, crawdad}, datasets = {tools/sanitize/generic/FLAIM} } @InProceedings{song:opportunistic-routing, author = {Libo Song and David F. Kotz}, title = {Evaluating opportunistic routing protocols with large realistic contact traces}, booktitle = {CHANTS '07: Proceedings of the second workshop on Challenged networks CHANTS}, year = {2007}, pages = {35--42}, address = {Montreal, Quebec, Canada}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, dartmouth_campus, crawdad}, doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1287791.1287799}, url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1287791.1287799}, publisher = {ACM Press}, abstract = { Traditional mobile ad hoc network (MANET) routing protocols assume that contemporaneous end-to-end communication paths exist between data senders and receivers. In some mobile ad hoc networks with a sparse node population, an end-to-end communication path may break frequently or may not exist at any time. Many routing protocols have been proposed in the literature to address the problem, but few were evaluated in a realistic opportunistic network setting. We use simulation and contact traces (derived from logs in a production network) to evaluate and compare five existing protocols: direct-delivery, epidemic, random, PRoPHET, and Link-State, as well as our own proposed routing protocol. We show that the direct delivery and epidemic routing protocols suffer either low delivery ratio or high resource usage, and other protocols make tradeoffs between delivery ratio and resource usage. } } @InProceedings{song:predict, author = {Libo Song and David Kotz and Ravi Jain and Xiaoning He}, title = {Evaluating location predictors with extensive {Wi-Fi} mobility data}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (INFOCOM)}, pages = {1414--1424}, month = mar, year = {2004}, volume = {2}, url = {http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~dfk/papers/song:predict.pdf}, keyword = {mobility, location aware, location prediction, mobile computing, wireless network, dfk}, abstract = {Location is an important feature for many applications, and wireless networks can better serve their clients by anticipating client mobility. As a result, many location predictors have been proposed in the literature, though few have been evaluated with empirical evidence. This paper reports on the results of the first extensive empirical evaluation of location predictors, using a two-year trace of the mobility patterns of over 6,000 users on Dartmouth's campus-wide Wi-Fi wireless network. \par We implemented and compared the prediction accuracy of several location predictors drawn from two major families of domain-independent predictors, namely Markov-based and compression-based predictors. We found that low-order Markov predictors performed as well or better than the more complex and more space-consuming compression-based predictors. Predictors of both families fail to make a prediction when the recent context has not been previously seen. To overcome this drawback, we added a simple fallback feature to each predictor and found that it significantly enhanced its accuracy in exchange for modest effort. Thus the Order-2 Markov predictor with fallback was the best predictor we studied, obtaining a median accuracy of about 72\% for users with long trace lengths. We also investigated a simplification of the Markov predictors, where the prediction is based not on the most frequently seen context in the past, but the most recent, resulting in significant space and computational savings. We found that Markov predictors with this recency semantics can rival the accuracy of standard Markov predictors in some cases. Finally, we considered several seemingly obvious enhancements, such as smarter tie-breaking and aging of context information, and discovered that they had little effect on accuracy. The paper ends with a discussion and suggestions for further work. }, keywords = {measurement, wireless, dartmouth_campus, crawdad} } @Article{song:predict-poster, author = {Libo Song and David Kotz and Ravi Jain and Xiaoning He}, title = {MobiCom Poster: Evaluating location predictors with extensive {Wi-Fi} mobility data}, journal = {ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communication Review}, year = {2003}, month = oct, volume = {7}, number = {4}, pages = {64--65}, url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/965732.965747}, keyword = {mobility, location aware, location prediction, mobile computing, wireless network, dfk}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, dartmouth_campus, crawdad} } @TechReport{song:predict-tr, author = {Libo Song and David Kotz and Ravi Jain and Xiaoning He}, title = {Evaluating location predictors with extensive {Wi-Fi} mobility data}, year = {2004}, month = feb, number = {TR2004-491}, institution = {Dept. of Computer Science, Dartmouth College}, url = {http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/reports/abstracts/TR2004-491/}, urlpdf = {http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~dfk/papers/song:predict-tr.pdf} , keyword = {mobility, location aware, location prediction, mobile computing, wireless network, dfk}, abstract = {Location is an important feature for many applications, and wireless networks can better serve their clients by anticipating client mobility. As a result, many location predictors have been proposed in the literature, though few have been evaluated with empirical evidence. This paper reports on the results of the first extensive empirical evaluation of location predictors, using a two-year trace of the mobility patterns of over 6,000 users on Dartmouth's campus-wide Wi-Fi wireless network. We implemented and compared the prediction accuracy of several location predictors drawn from four major families of domain-independent predictors, namely Markov-based, compression-based, PPM, and SPM predictors. We found that low-order Markov predictors performed as well or better than the more complex and more space-consuming compression-based predictors. Predictors of both families fail to make a prediction when the recent context has not been previously seen. To overcome this drawback, we added a simple fallback feature to each predictor and found that it significantly enhanced its accuracy in exchange for modest effort. Thus the Order-2 Markov predictor with fallback was the best predictor we studied, obtaining a median accuracy of about 72\% for users with long trace lengths. We also investigated a simplification of the Markov predictors, where the prediction is based not on the most frequently seen context in the past, but the most recent, resulting in significant space and computational savings. We found that Markov predictors with this recency semantics can rival the accuracy of standard Markov predictors in some cases. Finally, we considered several seemingly obvious enhancements, such as smarter tie-breaking and aging of context information, and discovered that they had little effect on accuracy. The paper ends with a discussion and suggestions for further work.}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, dartmouth_campus, crawdad} } @InProceedings{song:reserv, author = {Libo Song and Udayan Deshpande and Ulas C. Kozat and David Kotz and Ravi Jain}, title = {Predictability of {WLAN} Mobility and its Effects on Bandwidth Provisioning}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 25th Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (INFOCOM)}, year = {2006}, month = apr, url = {http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~dfk/papers/song:reserv.pdf}, address = {Barcelona, Spain}, keyword = {mobile computing, location prediction, mobility prediction, VoIP, QoS, bandwidth reservation, channel allocation, dfk}, abstract = {Wireless local area networks (WLANs) are emerging as a popular technology for access to the Internet and enterprise networks. In the long term, the success of WLANs depends on services that support mobile network clients. Mobility prediction holds a key value that is widely acknowledged in the literature. \par Although other researchers have explored mobility prediction in hypothetical scenarios, evaluating their predictors analytically or with synthetic data, few studies have been able to evaluate their predictors with real user mobility data. As a first step towards filling this fundamental gap, we work with a large data set collected from the Dartmouth College campus-wide wireless network that hosts more than 500 access points and 6,000 users. Extending our earlier work that focuses on predicting the next-visited access point (i.e., location), in this work we explore the predictability of the time of user mobility. Indeed, our contributions are two-fold. First, we evaluate a series of predictors that reflect possible dependencies across time and space while benefiting from either individual or group mobility behaviors. Second, as a case study we examine voice applications and the use of handoff prediction for advance bandwidth reservation. Using application-specific performance metrics such as call drop and call block rates, we provide a complete picture on the gains of prediction. \par Our results indicate that it is difficult to predict handoff time accurately, when applied to real campus WLAN data. However, the findings of our case study also suggest that the application performance can be improved significantly even with predictors that are only moderately accurate. The gains depend on the applications' ability to use predictions and tolerate inaccurate predictions. In the case study, we combine the real mobility data with synthesized traffic data. The results show that intelligent prediction can lead to significant reductions in the rate at which active calls are dropped due to handoffs with marginal increments in the rate at which new calls are blocked.}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, dartmouth_campus, crawdad} } @Article{song:reserv-mc2r, author = {Libo Song and Udayan Deshpande and Ula\c{s} C. Kozat and David Kotz and Ravi Jain}, title = {MobiCom Poster Abstract: Bandwidth Reservation using {WLAN} Handoff Prediction}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, dartmouth_campus, crawdad}, journal = {ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communication Review}, year = {2006}, note = {Accepted for publication}, url = {http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~dfk/papers/song:reserv-mc2r.pdf} , keyword = {mobile computing, location prediction, mobility prediction, VoIP, QoS, bandwidth reservation, channel allocation, dfk} } @Misc{song:reserv-poster, author = {Libo Song and Udayan Deshpande and Ula\c{s} C. Kozat and David Kotz and Ravi Jain}, title = {Bandwidth Reservation using {WLAN} Handoff Prediction}, year = {2005}, month = aug, howpublished= {Poster presentation at MobiCom 2005}, url = {http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~dfk/papers/song:reserv-poster.pdf} , keyword = {mobile computing, location prediction, mobility prediction, VoIP, QoS, bandwidth reservation, channel allocation, dfk}, abstract = {Many network services may be improved or enabled by successful predictions on users' future mobility. The success of predictions depend on how much accuracy can be achieved on real data and on the sensitivity of particular application to this achievable accuracy. We investigate these issues for the case of advanced bandwidth reservation using real WLAN traces collected at Dartmouth College Campus.}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, dartmouth_campus, crawdad} } @TechReport{song:thesis, author = {Libo Song}, title = {Evaluating Mobility Predictors in Wireless Networks for Improving Handoff and Opportunistic Routing}, institution = {Dartmouth College, Computer Science}, address = {Hanover, NH}, number = {TR2008-611}, year = {2008}, month = jan, url = {http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/reports/TR2008-611.pdf}, abstract = { We evaluate mobility predictors in wireless networks. Handoff prediction in wireless networks has long been considered as a mechanism to improve the quality of service provided to mobile wireless users. Most prior studies, however, were based on theoretical analysis, simulation with synthetic mobility models, or small wireless network traces. We study the effect of mobility prediction for a large realistic wireless situation. We tackle the problem by using traces collected from a large production wireless network to evaluate several major families of handoff-location prediction techniques, a set of handoff-time predictors, and a predictor that jointly predicts handoff location and time. We also propose a fallback mechanism, which uses a lower-order predictor whenever a higher-order predictor fails to predict. We found that low-order Markov predictors, with our proposed fallback mechanisms, performed as well or better than the more complex and more space-consuming compression-based handoff-location predictors. Although our handoff-time predictor had modest prediction accuracy, in the context of mobile voice applications we found that bandwidth reservation strategies can benefit from the combined location and time handoff predictor, significantly reducing the call-drop rate without significantly increasing the call-block rate. We also developed a prediction-based routing protocol for mobile opportunistic networks. We evaluated and compared our protocol's performance to five existing routing protocols, using simulations driven by real mobility traces. We found that the basic routing protocols are not practical for large-scale opportunistic networks. Prediction-based routing protocols trade off the message delivery ratio against resource usage and performed well and comparable to each other. }, keywords = {measurement, wireless, dartmouth_campus, crawdad} } @InProceedings{souryal:multihop, author = {Michael R. Souryal and Johannes Geissbuehler and Leonard E. Miller and Nader Moayeri}, title = {Real-time deployment of multihop relays for range extension}, booktitle = {MobiSys '07: Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Mobile systems, applications and services}, year = {2007}, month = jun, pages = {85--98}, address = {San Juan, Puerto Rico}, doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1247660.1247673}, url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1247660.1247673}, publisher = {ACM Press}, keyword = {Deployment, multihop wireless networks, first responders, breadcrumbs, sensors, RFID}, abstract = { When the range of single-hop wireless communication is limited by distance or harsh radio propagation conditions, relays can be used to extend the communication range through multihop relaying. This paper targets the need in certain scenarios for rapid deployment of these relays when little or nothing is known in advance about a given environment and its propagation characteristics. Applications include first responders entering a large building during an emergency, search and rescue robots maneuvering a disaster sight, and coal miners working underground. The common element motivating this work is the need to maintain communications in an environment where single-hop communication is typically inadequate. This paper investigates the feasibility of the automated deployment of a multihop network. A deployment procedure is proposed that employs real-time link measurements and takes into account the physical layer characteristics of a mobile multipath fading environment and the radio in use. A prototype system is implemented based on 900 MHz TinyOS motes supporting low-speed data applications including text messaging, sensor data and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)-assisted localization. Results of deployments in a hi-rise office building are presented. }, keywords = {measurement, wireless, nist_multihop, crawdad}, datasets = {nist/multihop} } @InProceedings{sridhara:gain, author = {Vinay Sridhara and Hwee-Chul Shin and Stephan Bohacek}, title = {Observations and Models of Time-Varying Channel Gain in Crowded Areas}, keywords = {measurement, wireless}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Wireless Network Measurements (WiNMee 2006)}, address = {Boston, MA, USA}, month = apr, year = {2006}, url = {http://www.winmee.org/papers/03-04.pdf} } @InProceedings{srinivasan:contact, author = {Vikram Srinivasan and Mehul Motani and Wei Tsang Ooi}, title = {{Analysis and Implications of Student Contact Patterns Derived from Campus Schedules}}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom)}, month = sep, year = {2006}, address = {Los Angeles, CA}, url = {http://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~ooiwt/papers/contact-mobicom06-final.pdf} , abstract = {Characterizing mobility or contact patterns in a campus environment is of interest for a variety of reasons. Existing studies of these patterns can be classified into two basic approaches - model based and measurement based. The model based approach involves constructing a mathematical model to generate movement patterns while the measurement based approachmeasures locations and proximity of wireless devices to infer mobility patterns. In this paper, we take a completely different approach. First we obtain the class schedules and class rosters from a university-wide Intranet learning portal, and use this information to infer contacts made between students. The value of our approach is in the population size involved in the study, where contact patterns among 22341 students are analyzed. This paper presents the characteristics of these contact patterns, and explores how these patterns affect three scenarios. We first look at the characteristics from the DTN perspective, where we study inter-contact time and time distance between pairs of students. Next, we present how these characteristics impact the spread of mobile computer viruses, and show that viruses can spread to virtually the entire student population within a day. Finally, we consider aggregation of information from a large number of mobile, distributed sources, and demonstrate that the contact patterns can be exploited to design efficient aggregation algorithms, in which only a small number of nodes (less than 0.5%) is needed to aggregate a large fraction (over 90%) of the data.}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, nus_contact, crawdad}, datasets = {nus/contact} } @InProceedings{srivastava:maniac, author = {V. Srivastava and A. Hilal and M. S. Thompson and J. N. Chattha and A. B. MacKenzie and L. A. DaSilva}, title = {Characterizing Mobile Ad Hoc Networks - The MANIAC Challenge Experiment}, year = {2008}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Third ACM International Workshop on Wireless Network Testbeds, Experimental evaluation and CHaracterization (WiNTECH)}, address = {San Francisco, CA}, month = sep, url = {http://www.maniacchallenge.org/srivastava.pdf}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, vt_maniac, crawdad}, datasets = {vt/maniac}, abstract = { This paper reports data collected during the first Mobile Ad-hoc Network Interoperability And Cooperation (MANIAC) Challenge, a multi-institution competition that allows us to study issues of interoperability and cooperation in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). We characterize network topology and routing. The former includes network connectivity and diameter, node degree distribution, clustering, and frequency of topology changes. The latter includes route length distribution, route asymmetry, frequency of route changes, and packet delivery ratio. Results show a high degree of topology and route changes, even when mobility is low, and a prevalence of asymmetric routes, both of which contradict assumptions commonly made in MANET simulation studies. Our data sets will be made publicly available for use by other researchers. } } @InProceedings{strayer:botnet-book, author = {Strayer, W. T. and Lapsley, D. and Walsh, R. and Livadas, C.}, title = {Botnet Detection Based on Network Behavior}, booktitle = {Botnet Detection: Countering the Largest Security Threat}, editor = {Wenke Lee and Cliff Wang and David Dagon}, publisher = {Springer-Verlag}, year = {2007}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-68768-1_1}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, dartmouth_campus, crawdad} } @InProceedings{strayer:botnets, author = {Strayer, W. T. and Walsh, R. and Livadas, C. and Lapsley, D.}, title = {Detecting Botnets with Tight Command and Control}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 31st IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks}, year = {2006}, pages = {195--202}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, dartmouth_campus, crawdad}, url = {http://www.ir.bbn.com/documents/articles/botnet-lcn-06.pdf}, abstract = {Systems are attempting to detect botnets by examining traffic content for IRC commands or by setting up honeynets. Our approach for detecting botnets is to examine flow characteristics such as bandwidth, duration, and packet timing looking for evidence of botnet command and control activity. We have constructed an architecture that first eliminates traffic that is unlikely to be a part of a botnet, classifies the remaining traffic into a group that is likely to be part of a botnet, then correlates the likely traffic to find common communications patterns that would suggest the activity of a botnet. Our results show that botnet evidence can be extracted from a traffic trace containing almost 9 million flows.} } @InProceedings{su:bluetooth, author = {J. Su and K.K. Chan and A.G. Miklas and K. Po and A. Akhavan and S. Saroiu and E.D. Lara and A. Goel}, title = {A Preliminary Investigation of Worm Infections in a Bluetooth Environment}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the ACM Workshop on Rapid Malcode (WORM)}, month = nov, year = {2006}, address = {Alexandria, VA, USA}, url = {http://www.cs.toronto.edu/~stefan/publications/worm/2006/bt.pdf} , abstract = {Over the past year, there have been several reports of malicious code exploiting vulnerabilities in the Bluetooth protocol. While the research community has started to investigate a diverse set of Bluetooth security issues, little is known about the feasibility and the propagation dynamics of a worm in a Bluetooth environment. This paper is an initial attempt to remedy this situation. We start by showing that the Bluetooth protocol design and implementation is large and complex. We gather traces and we use controlled experiments to investigate whether a large-scale Bluetooth worm outbreak is viable today. Our data shows that starting a Bluetooth worm infection is easy, once a vulnerability is discovered. Finally, we use trace-drive simulations to examine the propagation dynamics of Bluetooth worms. We find that Bluetooth worms can infect a large population of vulnerable devices relatively quickly, in just a few days.}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, toronto_bluetooth, crawdad}, datasets = {toronto/bluetooth} } @InProceedings{subramanian:multi-channel, author = {Anand Prabhu Subramanian and Jing Cao and Chul Sung and Samir R. Das}, title = {{Understanding Channel and Interface Heterogeneity in Multi-channel Multi-radio Wireless Mesh Networks}}, booktitle = {{Tenth Passive and Active Measurement conference (PAM)}}, year = {2009}, month = apr, address = {Seoul, South Korea}, url = {http://www.wings.cs.sunysb.edu/~anandps/pub/anand-pam09.pdf} , keywords = {measurement, wireless, sunysb_multi_channel, crawdad}, datasets = {sunysb/multi_channel} } @InProceedings{sun:experimental, author = {Yuan Sun and Irfan Sheriff and Elizabeth M. Belding-Royer and Kevin C. Almeroth}, title = {An Experimental Study of Multimedia Traffic Performance in Mesh Networks}, keywords = {measurement, wireless}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Workshop on Wireless Traffic Measurements and Modeling}, pages = {25--30}, month = jun, year = {2005}, address = {Seattle, WA}, url = {http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1072430.1072435} } @InProceedings{sun:measurement, author = {Tony Sun and Guang Yang and Ling-Jyh Chen and M.Y. Sanadidi and Mario Gerla}, title = {A Measurement Study of Path Capacity in 802.11b-based Wireless Networks}, keywords = {measurement, wireless}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Workshop on Wireless Traffic Measurements and Modeling}, pages = {31--37}, month = jun, year = {2005}, address = {Seattle, WA}, url = {http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1072436} } @InProceedings{tan:fairness, author = {Godfrey Tan and John Guttag}, title = {Time-based Fairness Improves Performance in Multi-rate {WLANs}}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2004 USENIX Technical Conference}, month = jun, year = {2004}, publisher = {USENIX Association}, url = {http://nms.lcs.mit.edu/papers/tbr_usenix04.pdf}, keyword = {wireless network, measurement}, abstract = {The performance seen by individual clients on a wireless local area network (WLAN) is heavily influenced by the manner in which wireless channel capacity is allocated. The popular MAC protocol DCF (Distributed Coordination Function) used in 802.11 networks provides equal long-term transmission opportunities to competing nodes when all nodes experience similar channel conditions. When similar-sized packets are also used, DCF leads to equal achieved throughputs (throughput based fairness) among contending nodes. \par Because of varying indoor channel conditions, the 802.11 standard supports multiple data transmission rates to exploit the trade-off between data rate and bit error rate. This leads to considerable rate diversity, particularly when the network is congested. Under such conditions, throughput-based fairness can lead to drastically reduced aggregate throughput. \par In this paper, we argue the advantages of time-based fairness, in which each competing node receives an equal share of the wireless channel occupancy time. We demonstrate that this notion of fairness can lead to significant improvements in aggregate performance while still guaranteeing that no node receives worse channel access than it would in a single-rate WLAN. We also describe our algorithm, TBR (Time-based Regulator), which runs on the AP and works with any MAC protocol to provide time-based fairness by regulating packets. Through experiments, we show that our practical and backward compatible implementation of TBR in conjunction with an existing implementation of DCF achieves time-based fairness. }, keywords = {measurement, wireless, dartmouth_campus, crawdad} } @InProceedings{tang:wavelan, author = {Diane Tang and Mary Baker}, title = {Analysis of a Local-Area Wireless Network}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixth Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom)}, pages = {1--10}, month = aug, year = {2000}, address = {Boston, MA}, publisher = {ACM Press}, url = {http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/comm/345910/p1-tang/} , keyword = {mobile computing, wireless network}, abstract = {To understand better how users take advantage of wireless networks, we examine a twelve-week trace of a building-wide local-area wireless network. We analyze the network for overall user behavior (when and how intensively people use the network and how much they move around), overall network traffic and load characteristics (observed throughput and symmetry of incoming and outgoing traffic), and traffic characteristics from a user point of view (observed mix of applications and number of hosts connected to by users). Amongst other results, we find that users are divided into distinct location-based sub-communities, each with its own movement, activity, and usage characteristics. Most users exploit the network for web-surfing, session-oriented activities and chat-oriented activities. The high number of chat-oriented activities shows that many users take advantage of the mobile network for for synchronous communication with others. In addition to these user-specific results, we find that peak throughput is usually caused by a single user and application. Also, while incoming traffic dominates outgoing traffic overall, the opposite tends to be true during periods of peak throughput, implying that significant asymmetry in network capacity could be undesirable for our users. While these results are only valid for this local-area wireless network and user community, we believe that similar environments may exhibit similar behavior and trends. We hope that our observations will contribute to a growing understanding of mobile user behavior.}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, stanford_gates, crawdad}, datasets = {stanford/gates} } @InProceedings{thelen:radio, author = {John Thelen and Daan Goense and Koen Langendoen}, title = {Radio Wave Propagation in Potato Fields}, keywords = {measurement, wireless}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the First Workshop on Wireless Network Measurements (WiNMee 2005)}, month = apr, year = {2005}, address = {Trentino, Italy}, url = {http://www.winmee.org/2005/papers/WiNMee_Thelen.pdf} } @InProceedings{thompson:multihoming, author = {Nathanael Thompson and Guanghui He and Haiyun Luo}, title = {Flow Scheduling for End-host Multihoming}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 25th IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM)}, month = apr, year = {2006}, address = {Barcelona, Spain}, url = {http://swing.cs.uiuc.edu/papers/INFOCOM06PERM.pdf}, abstract = { Fueled by the competing DSL and Cable technologies, residential broadband access has seen a significant spread in availability to the point that many users have a choice from several ISPs. At the same time, 802.11 networks have spread rapidly in the residential area, and it is common for neighbors to be able to access each other's wireless routers. End-users can leverage this diversity to improve their Internet connectivity at no additional cost by pooling all available Internet connections, both their own and their neighbors' via wireless. In this paper we present our design and evaluation of flow scheduling algorithms in PERM, a framework for practical end-host multihoming. PERM scheduler employs automated on-line analysis of the endusers' networking behaviors, and exploits the recognized patterns to achieve high-performance scheduling at flow level. We verify our models of end-user's network traffic with large residential TCP traces. Based on these models we propose algorithms for scalable pre-probing and hybrid flow scheduling. Intensive experiments in our prototype testbed show that PERM scheduler reduces the latency by up to 50% for light-volume flows, and reduces the mean transmission time of heavy-volume flows by nearly 28% and 62% compared with a single Cable or DSL connection respectively. The PERM scheduler also out-performs algorithms for enterprise multihoming by up to 15% and 27% in mean transmission time for light- and heavy-volume flows respectively. }, keywords = {measurement, wireless, dartmouth_campus, crawdad} } @InProceedings{tournoux:rollernet, author = {Pierre Ugo Tournoux and J\'er\'emie Leguay and Farid Benbadis and Vania Conan and Marcelo Dias de Amorim and John Whitbeck}, title = {The Accordion Phenomenon: Analysis, Characterization, and Impact on DTN Routing}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 28rd Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (INFOCOM)}, month = apr, year = {2009}, address = {Rio de Janeiro, Brazil}, publisher = {IEEE}, url = {http://jeremie.leguay.free.fr/lip6/files/RollerNet-Infocom09.pdf} , keywords = {measurement, wireless, upmc_rollernet, crawdad}, datasets = {upmc/rollernet} } @InProceedings{tuduce:mobility, author = {Cristian Tuduce and Thomas Gross}, title = {A Mobility Model Based on {WLAN} Traces and its Validation}, keywords = {measurement, wireless}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 24th IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM)}, pages = {664--674}, month = mar, year = {2005}, address = {Miami, FL, USA}, url = {http://www.lst.inf.ethz.ch/research/publications/publications/INFOCOM_2005/INFOCOM_2005.pdf} , abstract = {The simulation of mobile networks calls for a mobility model to generate the trajectories of the mobile users (or nodes). It has been shown that the mobility model has a major influence on the behavior of the system. Therefore, using a realistic mobility model is important if we want to increase the confidence that simulations of mobile systems are meaningful in realistic settings. In this paper we present an executable mobility model that uses real-life mobility characteristics to generate mobility scenarios that can be used for network simulations. We present a structured framework for extracting the mobility characteristics from a WLAN trace, for processing the mobility characteristics to determine a parameter set for the mobility model, and for using a parameter set to generate mobility scenarios for simulations. To derive the parameters of the mobility model, we measure the mobility characteristics of users of a campus wireless network. Therefore, we call this model the WLAN mobility model. Mobility analysis confirms properties observed by other research groups. The validation shows that the WLAN model maps the real-world mobility characteristics to the abstract world of network simulators with a very small error. For users that do not have the possibility to capture a WLAN trace, we explore the value space of the WLAN model parameters and show how different parameters sets influence the mobility of the simulated nodes.}, doi = {10.1109/INFCOM.2005.1497932} } @InProceedings{vaidya:illinois, author = {Nitin Vaidya and Jennifer Bernhard and Venugopal Veeravalli and P. R. Kumar and Ravi Iyer}, title = {Illinois Wireless Wind Tunnel: A Testbed for Experimental Evaluation of Wireless Networks}, keywords = {measurement, wireless}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2005 Workshop on experimental approaches to wireless network design and analysis (E-WIND-05)}, month = aug, year = {2005}, address = {Philadelphia, PA}, url = {http://www.acm.org/sigs/sigcomm/sigcomm2005/paper-VaiBer.pdf} } @Article{vu:3r, author = {Long Vu and Quang Do and Klara Nahrstedt}, title = {{3R}: Fine-grained encounter-based routing in Delay Tolerant Networks}, journal = {2011 IEEE International Symposium on a World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks (WoWMoM)}, year = {2011}, pages = {1--6}, publisher = {IEEE Computer Society}, address = {Lucca}, url = {http://monet.web.cs.illinois.edu/publications/papers/Jyotish-percom2011-camera-7.pdf} , keywords = {wireless, measurement, uiuc_uim}, datasets = {uiuc/uim} } @InProceedings{vu:joint, author = {Vu, Long and Nahrstedt, Klara and Retika, Samuel and Gupta, Indranil}, title = {Joint {Bluetooth/Wifi} scanning framework for characterizing and leveraging people movement in university campus}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 13th ACM international conference on modeling, analysis, and simulation of wireless and mobile systems}, series = {MSWIM '10}, year = {2010}, pages = {257--265}, url = {http://dprg.cs.uiuc.edu/docs/mswim2010/mswim2010.pdf}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, keywords = {wireless, measurement, uiuc_uim}, datasets = {uiuc/uim} } @Article{vu:jyotish, author = {Long Vu and Quang Do and Klara Nahrstedt}, title = {Jyotish: A novel framework for constructing predictive model of people movement from joint {Wifi/Bluetooth} trace}, journal = {IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications}, url = {http://monet.web.cs.illinois.edu/publications/papers/Jyotish-percom2011-camera-7.pdf} , volume = {0}, year = {2011}, pages = {54--62}, publisher = {IEEE Computer Society}, address = {Los Alamitos, CA, USA}, keywords = {wireless, measurement, uiuc_uim}, datasets = {uiuc/uim} } @Article{vu:jyotish2, author = {Long Vu and Quang Do and Klara Nahrstedt}, title = {Jyotish: Constructive approach for context predictions of people movement from joint {Wifi/Bluetooth} trace}, journal = {The Ninth Annual IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications (PerCom 2011)}, volume = {7}, number = {6}, pages = {690--704}, year = {2011}, keywords = {wireless, measurement, uiuc_uim}, datasets = {uiuc/uim} } @Misc{walsh:mobility-model-poster, author = {Chris Walsh and Arta Doci and Tracy Camp}, title = {{A Call to Arms: It's time for REAL Mobility Models}}, year = {2007}, month = sep, howpublished= {Poster presentation at MobiCom 2007}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, dartmouth_campus, crawdad} } @InProceedings{wang:adaptive, author = {Wei Wang and Vikram Srinivasan and Mehul Motani}, title = {Adaptive contact probing mechanisms for delay tolerant applications}, booktitle = {MobiCom '07: Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM international conference on Mobile computing and networking}, year = {2007}, pages = {230--241}, address = {Montreal, Quebec, Canada}, doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1287853.1287882}, url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1287853.1287882}, publisher = {ACM Press}, abstract = { In many delay tolerant applications, information is opportunistically exchanged between mobile devices who encounter each other. In order to effect such information exchange, mobile devices must have knowledge of other devices in their vicinity. We consider scenarios in which there is no infrastructure and devices must probe their environment to discover other devices. This can be an extremely energy consuming process and highlights the need for energy conscious contact probing mechanisms. If devices probe very infrequently, they might miss many of their contacts. On the other hand, frequent contact probing might be energy inefficient. In this paper, we investigate the trade-off between the probability of missing a contact and the contact probing frequency. First, via theoretical analysis, we characterize the trade-off between the probability of a missed contact and the contact probing interval for stationary processes. Next, for time varying contact arrival rates, we provide an optimization framework to compute the optimal contact probing interval as a function of the arrival rate. We characterize real world contact patterns via Bluetooth phone contact logging experiments and show that the contact arrival process is self-similar. We design STAR, a contact probing algorithm which adapts to the contact arrival process. Via trace driven simulations on our experimental data, we show that STAR consumes three times less energy when compared to a constant contact probing interval scheme. }, keywords = {measurement, wireless, nus_bluetooth, crawdad}, datasets = {nus/bluetooth} } @InProceedings{wang:measurement, author = {Wang, Xiaofei and Kim, Hyunchul and Vasilakos, Athanasios V. and Kwon, Ted and Choi, Yanghee and Choi, Sunghyun and Jang, Hanyoung}, title = {Measurement and analysis of {World of Warcraft} in mobile {WiMAX} networks}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 8th Annual Workshop on Network and Systems Support for Games (NetGames)}, pages = {1--6}, year = {2009}, month = nov, url = {http://mmlab.snu.ac.kr/~dobby/assets/2009_NETGAMES.pdf}, publisher = {IEEE}, abstract = {Online games have been played mainly over wired networks due to high speed links and capable desktop computers. The advances in mobile devices and ever increasing wireless link bandwidth motivate us to study whether players can enjoy online gaming over broadband wireless networks such as mobile WiMAX networks. In this paper we carry out the World of Warcraft (WoW) measurements via the mobile WiMAX networks and analysis the performance. We focus on two aspects: (1) application level packet dynamics such as RTT and jitter; (2) WiMAX link level statistics such as wireless link quality and handovers. We measure various scenarios for comprehensive analysis of WoW traffic and WiMAX link-layer characteristics. Finally we discuss how to improve the service quality of WiMAX online gaming.}, keywords = {measurement, analysis, online game, WiMAX, crawdad, snu_wow_via_wimax}, datasets = {snu/wow_via_wimax} } @InProceedings{wang:opportunistic, author = {Yong Wang and Sushant Jain and Margaret Martonosi and Kevin Fall}, title = {{Erasure Coding Based Routing for Opportunistic Networks}}, booktitle = {Proceeding of the 2005 ACM SIGCOMM workshop on Delay-tolerant networking}, month = aug, year = {2005}, address = {Philadelphia, PA}, publisher = {ACM Press}, url = {http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1080140}, keyword = {Routing, Delay Tolerant Network, Erasure Coding}, abstract = { Routing in Delay Tolerant Networks (DTN) with unpredictable node mobility is a challenging problem because disconnections are prevalent and lack of knowledge about network dynamics hinders good decision making. Current approaches are primarily based on redundant transmissions. They have either high overhead due to excessive transmissions or long delays due to the possibility of making wrong choices when forwarding a few redundant copies. In this paper, we propose a novel forwarding algorithm based on the idea of erasure codes. Erasure coding allows use of a large number of relays while maintaining a constant overhead, which results in fewer cases of long delays. We use simulation to compare the routing performance of using erasure codes in DTN with four other categories of forwarding algorithms proposed in the literature. Our simulations are based on a real-world mobility trace collected in a large outdoor wild-life environment. The results show that the erasure-coding based algorithm provides the best worst-case delay performance with a fixed amount of overhead. We also present a simple analytical model to capture the delay characteristics of erasure-coding based forwarding, which provides insights on the potential of our approach. }, keywords = {measurement, wireless, princeton_zebranet, crawdad}, datasets = {princeton/zebranet} } @InProceedings{wang:situation-aware, author = {Yong Wang and Margaret Martonosi and Li-Shiuan Peh}, title = {Situation-Aware Caching Strategies in Highly Varying Mobile Networks}, keywords = {measurement, wireless}, booktitle = {MASCOTS '06: Proceedings of the 14th IEEE International Symposium on Modeling, Analysis, and Simulation}, year = {2006}, pages = {265--274}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/MASCOTS.2006.45}, doi = {10.1109/MASCOTS.2006.45}, publisher = {IEEE Computer Society}, address = {Washington, DC, USA} } @InProceedings{welbourne:cascadia, author = {Evan Welbourne and Nodira Khoussainova and Julie Letchner and Yang Li and Magdalena Balazinska and Gaetano Borriello and Dan Suciu}, title = {{Cascadia}: a system for specifying, detecting, and managing {RFID} events}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the First International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services (MobiSys)}, month = jun, year = {2008}, pages = {281--294}, address = {Breckenridge, CO, USA}, doi = {10.1145/1378600.1378631}, url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1378600.1378631}, publisher = {ACM}, abstract = {Cascadia is a system that provides RFID-based pervasive computing applications with an infrastructure for specifying, extracting and managing meaningful high-level events from raw RFID data. Cascadia provides three important services. First, it allows application developers and even users to specify events using either a declarative query language or an intuitive visual language based on direct manipulation. Second, it provides an API that facilitates the development of applications which rely on RFID-based events. Third, it automatically detects the specified events, forwards them to registered applications and stores them for later use (e.g., for historical queries). \par We present the design and implementation of Cascadia along with an evaluation that includes both a user study and measurements on traces collected in a building-wide RFID deployment. To demonstrate how Cascadia facilitates application development, we built a simple digital diary application in the form of a calendar that populates itself with RFID-based events. Cascadia copes with ambiguous RFID data and limitations in an RFID deployment by transforming RFID readings into probabilistic events. We show that this approach outperforms deterministic event detection techniques while avoiding the need to specify and train sophisticated models. }, keywords = {measurement, wireless} } @InProceedings{wietrzyk:manets_cattle, author = {Bartosz Wietrzyk and Milena Radenkovic and Ivaylo Kostadinov}, title = {{Practical MANETs for Pervasive Cattle Monitoring}}, booktitle = {Proceedings of The Seventh International Conference on Networking (ICN 2008)}, address = {Cancun, Mexico}, volume = {0}, month = apr, year = {2008}, isbn = {978-0-7695-3106-9}, pages = {14--23}, doi = {http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/ICN.2008.78}, publisher = {IEEE Computer Society}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, nottingham_cattle, crawdad}, datasets = {nottingham/cattle} } @InProceedings{woyach:sensorless, author = {Kristen Woyach and Daniele Puccinelli and Martin Haenggi}, title = {Sensorless Sensing in Wireless Networks: Implementation and Measurements}, keywords = {measurement, wireless}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Wireless Network Measurements (WiNMee 2006)}, address = {Boston, MA, USA}, month = apr, year = {2006}, url = {http://www.winmee.org/papers/01-02.pdf} } @InProceedings{wu:experimental, author = {Zhibin Wu and Sachin Ganu and Ivan Seskar and Dipankar Raychaudhuri}, title = {Experimental Investigation of {PHY} Layer Rate Control and Frequency Selection in 802.11-based {Ad-Hoc} Networks}, keywords = {measurement, wireless}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2005 Workshop on experimental approaches to wireless network design and analysis (E-WIND-05)}, month = aug, year = {2005}, address = {Philadelphia, PA}, url = {http://www.acm.org/sigs/sigcomm/sigcomm2005/paper-WuGan.pdf} } @InProceedings{wu:vehicles, author = {Hao Wu and Mahesh Palekar and Richard Fujimoto and Randall Guensler and Michael Hunter and Jaesup Lee and Joonho Ko}, title = {An Empirical Study of Short Range Communications for Vehicles}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd ACM international workshop on Vehicular ad hoc networks}, address = {Cologne, Germany}, month = sep, year = {2005}, url = {http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1080754.1080769}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, gatech_vehicular, crawdad}, datasets = {gatech/vehicular} } @InProceedings{xu:mobility, author = {Sanlin Xu and Kim Blackmore and Haley Jones}, title = {Mobility Assessment for {MANETs} Requiring Persistent Links}, keywords = {measurement, wireless}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Workshop on Wireless Traffic Measurements and Modeling}, pages = {39--44}, month = jun, year = {2005}, address = {Seattle, WA}, url = {http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1072430.1072437} } @InProceedings{yarvis:characterization, author = {Mark Yarvis and Konstantina Papagiannaki and W. Steven Conner}, title = {Characterization of 802.11 Wireless Networks in the Home}, keywords = {measurement, wireless}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the First Workshop on Wireless Network Measurements (WiNMee 2005)}, month = apr, year = {2005}, address = {Trentino, Italy}, url = {http://www.winmee.org/2005/papers/WiNMee_Yarvis.pdf} } @InProceedings{yeo:characterizing, author = {Jihwang Yeo and Moustafa Youssef and Tristan Henderson and Ashok Agrawala}, title = {An Accurate Technique for Measuring the Wireless Side of Wireless Networks}, keywords = {measurement, wireless}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Workshop on Wireless Traffic Measurements and Modeling}, pages = {13--18}, month = jun, year = {2005}, address = {Seattle, WA}, url = {http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1072430.1072433} } @Article{yeo:crawdad-ccr, author = {Jihwang Yeo and David Kotz and Tristan Henderson}, title = {{CRAWDAD: A Community Resource for Archiving Wireless Data at Dartmouth}}, journal = {ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review}, year = {2006}, month = apr, volume = {36}, number = {2}, pages = {21--22}, note = {Project overview}, url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1129582.1129588}, keyword = {wireless network, network measurement}, abstract = {Wireless network researchers are seriously starved for data about how real users, applications, and devices use real networks under real network conditions. CRAWDAD, a Community Resource for Archiving Wireless Data at Dartmouth, is a new NSF-funded project to build a wireless network data archive for the research community. We host wireless data, and provide tools and documents to make it easy to collect and use wireless network data. We hope that this resource will help researchers identify and evaluate real and interesting problems in mobile and pervasive computing. This report outlines the CRAWDAD project, the kick-off workshop that was held at MobiCom 2005, and the latest news.}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, dartmouth_campus, crawdad} } @InProceedings{yeo:framework, author = {Jihwang Yeo and Moustafa Youssef and Ashok Agrawala}, title = {A Framework for Wireless {LAN} Monitoring and its Applications}, keywords = {measurement, wireless}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Third ACM Workshop on Wireless Security (WiSe'04)}, pages = {70--79}, month = oct, year = {2004}, address = {Philadelphia, PA}, url = {http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1023646.1023660} } @TechReport{yeo:wireless, author = {Jihwang Yeo and Suman Banerjee and Ashok Agrawala}, title = {Measuring Traffic on the Wireless Medium: Experience and Pitfalls}, keywords = {measurement, wireless}, number = {CS-TR 4421}, month = dec, year = {2002}, institution = {Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland}, url = {http://www.cs.umd.edu/Library/TRs/CS-TR-4421/CS-TR-4421.pdf} } @InProceedings{yoneki:community-detection, author = {Eiko Yoneki and Pan Hui and Jon Crowcroft}, title = {Visualizing community detection in opportunistic networks}, booktitle = {CHANTS '07: Proceedings of the second workshop on Challenged networks CHANTS}, year = {2007}, pages = {93--96}, address = {Montreal, Quebec, Canada}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, mit_reality,cambridge_haggle, crawdad}, doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1287791.1287810}, url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1287791.1287810}, publisher = {ACM Press}, abstract = { Community is an important attribute of Pocket Switched Networks (PSNs), since mobile devices are carried by people who tend to belong to communities in their social life. We discover the heterogeneity of human interactions such as community formation from real world human mobility traces. We have introduced novel distributed community detection approaches and evaluated with those traces. This paper describes a series of visualizations to show characteristics of human mobility traces including community detection. We focus on extracting information related to levels of clustering, network transitivity, and strong community structure. The progression of the connection map along the community formation process is also visualized. } } @InProceedings{zhang:bus-dtn, author = {Xiaolan Zhang and Jim Kurose and Brian Neil Levine and Don Towsley and Honggang Zhang}, title = {{Study of a Bus-Based Disruption Tolerant Network: Mobility Modeling and Impact on Routing}}, booktitle = {Proc. ACM Annual Intl. Conf. on Mobile Computing and Networking (Mobicom)}, month = sep, year = {2007}, address = {Montreal, Canada}, url = {http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1287853.1287876}, keywords = {measurement, wireless, umass_diesel, crawdad}, datasets = {umass/diesel} } @InProceedings{zhang:hardware-zebranet, author = {Pei Zhang and Christopher Sadler and Stephen Lyon and Margaret Martonosi}, title = {{Hardware Design Experiences in ZebraNet}}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems (Sensys)}, month = nov, year = {2004}, address = {Baltimore, MD}, publisher = {ACM}, url = {http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1031495.1031522}, keyword = {Sensor Networks, Sensor Deployment, ZebraNet, GPS}, abstract = { The enormous potential for wireless sensor networks to make a positive impact on our society has spawned a great deal of research on the topic, and this research is now producing environment-ready systems. Current technology limits coupled with widely-varying application requirements lead to a diversity of hardware platforms for di®erent portions of the design space. In addition, the unique energy and reliability constraints of a system that must function for months at a time without human intervention mean that demands on sensor network hardware are different from the demands on standard integrated circuits. This paper describes our experiences designing sensor nodes and low level software to control them. In the ZebraNet system we use GPS technology to record fine-grained position data in order to track long term animal migrations. The ZebraNet hardware is composed of a 16-bit TI microcontroller, 4 Mbits of off-chip flash memory, a 900 MHz radio, and a low-power GPS chip. In this paper, we discuss our techniques for devising efficient power supplies for sensor networks, methods of managing the energy consumption of the nodes, and methods of managing the peripheral devices including the radio, flash, and sensors. We conclude by evaluating the design of the ZebraNet nodes and discussing how it can be improved. Our lessons learned in developing this hardware can be useful both in designing future sensor nodes and in using them in real systems. }, keywords = {measurement, wireless, princeton_zebranet, crawdad}, datasets = {princeton/zebranet} }